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Introduction to the study of the history of the Romanian Orthodox Church
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Publisher: Editura Universitară
Author: Constantin Claudiu Cotan
Edition: I
Pages: 316
Publisher year: 2025
ISBN: 978-606-28-2149-4
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5682/9786062821494
Product Code:
9786062821494
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The Orthodox Church was led by hierarchs of great value, people who marked Romanian culture and contributed to the development of education. The Orthodox clergy also went through the events that marked the social and political life in the Romanian Lands, being alongside the believers they shepherded. From the 17th century to the end of the 20th century, the Romanian Orthodox Church experienced times of trial, the horrors of wars, uprisings and revolutions, but also the threat of disease and famine. This period rich in political events finally recorded the unification of all Romanians, the creation of an Autocephalous Orthodox Church and the establishment of the Patriarchate. Once protected by faithful rulers and kings, the Orthodox Church also went through the onslaught of communist persecutions. If the rulers and great boyars built holy churches, the communist leaders did not hesitate, following the communist ideology to demolish without restraint holy churches, unique monuments of art and architecture.
In the 17th century, the Church in Wallachia was led by Metropolitans Euthymius II, Luke of Cyprus, Theophilus, Stephen, Theodosius and Antim the Ivirian, and in Moldavia by Metropolitans Anastasius Crimca, Varlaam and Dosoftei. In Transylvania, the luminous faces of the martyred Metropolitans Ilie Iorest and Sava Barancovici shone. The 18th century brought great changes to the church life of Orthodox Romanians through the establishment of the Phanariot regime in Moldavia and Wallachia and through Habsburg rule in Transylvania. The division of Transylvanian Romanians and the emergence of the Greek Catholic Church had repercussions on the religious level, marking Transylvanian society for more than two centuries.
The Uprising of Tudor Vladimirescu and the Revolution of 1848 pushed the Romanian Principalities towards modernity. A special moment in the history of the Romanians was the unification of 1859, which offered the opportunity to gain independence. Following the historical process, the Orthodox Church also gained autocephaly (1885). The First World War and the achievement of the Great Union in 1918 paved the way for the establishment of the Patriarchate of the Romanian Orthodox Church. Patriarchs Miron Cristea, Nicodim Munteanu, Iustinian Marina, Iustin Moisescu and Teoctist Arăpașu, led by divine providence, ruled the Church in turbulent and trying times, preserving in their souls the hope that God, who is the head of the Church, will protect his believers.
This work, consisting of old personal publications and lecture notes, is intended to be a teaching material intended to help theological students in understanding certain church events and as a bibliographical support for the composition of seminar papers. The bibliography offered by this work can be a first step in documenting research topics that students can address as a bachelor's degree or dissertation.
In the 17th century, the Church in Wallachia was led by Metropolitans Euthymius II, Luke of Cyprus, Theophilus, Stephen, Theodosius and Antim the Ivirian, and in Moldavia by Metropolitans Anastasius Crimca, Varlaam and Dosoftei. In Transylvania, the luminous faces of the martyred Metropolitans Ilie Iorest and Sava Barancovici shone. The 18th century brought great changes to the church life of Orthodox Romanians through the establishment of the Phanariot regime in Moldavia and Wallachia and through Habsburg rule in Transylvania. The division of Transylvanian Romanians and the emergence of the Greek Catholic Church had repercussions on the religious level, marking Transylvanian society for more than two centuries.
The Uprising of Tudor Vladimirescu and the Revolution of 1848 pushed the Romanian Principalities towards modernity. A special moment in the history of the Romanians was the unification of 1859, which offered the opportunity to gain independence. Following the historical process, the Orthodox Church also gained autocephaly (1885). The First World War and the achievement of the Great Union in 1918 paved the way for the establishment of the Patriarchate of the Romanian Orthodox Church. Patriarchs Miron Cristea, Nicodim Munteanu, Iustinian Marina, Iustin Moisescu and Teoctist Arăpașu, led by divine providence, ruled the Church in turbulent and trying times, preserving in their souls the hope that God, who is the head of the Church, will protect his believers.
This work, consisting of old personal publications and lecture notes, is intended to be a teaching material intended to help theological students in understanding certain church events and as a bibliographical support for the composition of seminar papers. The bibliography offered by this work can be a first step in documenting research topics that students can address as a bachelor's degree or dissertation.
Pr. Constantin Claudiu Cotan,
Bucharest, 2025
Bucharest, 2025
Preface/9
1. Church organization in Wallachia, Transylvania and Moldavia in the 17th century/11
Church life in Wallachia in the 17th century/17
Metropolitan Eftimius II (1594 1602)/20
Metropolitan Luke of Cyprus (1602 1629)/21
Metropolitan Theophilus (1636 1648)/31
Metropolitan Stephen (1648 1653; 1655 1668)/32
Metropolitan Theodosius (1668 1672; 1679 1708)/35
Metropolitan Antim the Ivirian (1708 1716)/42
Metropolitan Moldova in the 17th century/50
Metropolitan Anastasie Crimca (1608 1617; 1619-1629)/51
Metropolitan Varlaam (1632 1653)/54
Metropolitan Petru Movilă of Kiev and the Synod of Iași (1642)/57
The Confession of Orthodox Faith of Saint Hierarch Petru Movilă /60
Metropolitan Dosoftei /63
The Metropolitanate of Transylvania in the 17th Century/67
The Greek Catholic Romanians in Transylvania/71
The Orthodox Romanians in Transylvania/79
2. Church organization in Wallachia, Transylvania and Moldavia in the 18th century/81
Metropolitans of Hungary and Wallachia in the 18th century/84
Metropolitan Neophyte the Cretan (1738-1753)/86
Metropolitan Gregory II (1760-1787)/88
The Diocese of Râmnic in the 18th century/91
The Diocese of Buzău in the 18th century/94
The Metropolitanate of Moldavia in the 18th century/95
Metropolitan Iacob the Putnean/99
Metropolitan Gavriil Callimachi/104
Archimandrite Vartolomeu Măzăreanu and the Putna Monastery/106
A typographer-artist, priest Mihail Strelbiţchi/108
Bishops in Moldavia in the 18th century/112
Romanians and Holy Mount Athos/114
3. Church organization in Transylvania, Moldavia and Wallachia in the 19th century /149
Church life in Transylvania in the 19th century/149
Metropolitan Andrei Șaguna/151
Metropolitans of Transylvania/153
Metropolitanship of Moldavia in the 19th century/155
Metropolitan Veniamin Costachi (1803 1842, with two interruptions, 1808 1812 and 1821 1823)/156
Metropolitan Iosif Naniescu/162
Bishop Melchisedec Ștefănescu/164
Metropolitanship of Ungro-Vlachia in the 19th century/167
Metropolitan Grigore IV the Teacher/169
The Romanian Orthodox Church during the time of Alexandru Ioan Cuza/172
Metropolitan primates of the Romanian Orthodox Church/184
Suffragan bishoprics of Metropolitanate of Hungary and Lachish/195
The Orthodox Church in Bukovina and Bessarabia in the 20th Century/198
Dobrogean Christianity/209
The Metropolitanate of Transylvania in the 20th Century. Metropolitans Nicolae Bălan and Nicolae Colan/222
Patriarch Miron Cristea (1925 1938)/223
Patriarch Nicodim Munteanu (1938 1948)/236
Patriarch Iustinian Marina (1948 1977)/259
Patriarch Iustin Moisescu (1977 1986)/270
Patriarch Teoctist Arăpașu (1986 2007)/274
Bibliography281
1. Church organization in Wallachia, Transylvania and Moldavia in the 17th century/11
Church life in Wallachia in the 17th century/17
Metropolitan Eftimius II (1594 1602)/20
Metropolitan Luke of Cyprus (1602 1629)/21
Metropolitan Theophilus (1636 1648)/31
Metropolitan Stephen (1648 1653; 1655 1668)/32
Metropolitan Theodosius (1668 1672; 1679 1708)/35
Metropolitan Antim the Ivirian (1708 1716)/42
Metropolitan Moldova in the 17th century/50
Metropolitan Anastasie Crimca (1608 1617; 1619-1629)/51
Metropolitan Varlaam (1632 1653)/54
Metropolitan Petru Movilă of Kiev and the Synod of Iași (1642)/57
The Confession of Orthodox Faith of Saint Hierarch Petru Movilă /60
Metropolitan Dosoftei /63
The Metropolitanate of Transylvania in the 17th Century/67
The Greek Catholic Romanians in Transylvania/71
The Orthodox Romanians in Transylvania/79
2. Church organization in Wallachia, Transylvania and Moldavia in the 18th century/81
Metropolitans of Hungary and Wallachia in the 18th century/84
Metropolitan Neophyte the Cretan (1738-1753)/86
Metropolitan Gregory II (1760-1787)/88
The Diocese of Râmnic in the 18th century/91
The Diocese of Buzău in the 18th century/94
The Metropolitanate of Moldavia in the 18th century/95
Metropolitan Iacob the Putnean/99
Metropolitan Gavriil Callimachi/104
Archimandrite Vartolomeu Măzăreanu and the Putna Monastery/106
A typographer-artist, priest Mihail Strelbiţchi/108
Bishops in Moldavia in the 18th century/112
Romanians and Holy Mount Athos/114
3. Church organization in Transylvania, Moldavia and Wallachia in the 19th century /149
Church life in Transylvania in the 19th century/149
Metropolitan Andrei Șaguna/151
Metropolitans of Transylvania/153
Metropolitanship of Moldavia in the 19th century/155
Metropolitan Veniamin Costachi (1803 1842, with two interruptions, 1808 1812 and 1821 1823)/156
Metropolitan Iosif Naniescu/162
Bishop Melchisedec Ștefănescu/164
Metropolitanship of Ungro-Vlachia in the 19th century/167
Metropolitan Grigore IV the Teacher/169
The Romanian Orthodox Church during the time of Alexandru Ioan Cuza/172
Metropolitan primates of the Romanian Orthodox Church/184
Suffragan bishoprics of Metropolitanate of Hungary and Lachish/195
The Orthodox Church in Bukovina and Bessarabia in the 20th Century/198
Dobrogean Christianity/209
The Metropolitanate of Transylvania in the 20th Century. Metropolitans Nicolae Bălan and Nicolae Colan/222
Patriarch Miron Cristea (1925 1938)/223
Patriarch Nicodim Munteanu (1938 1948)/236
Patriarch Iustinian Marina (1948 1977)/259
Patriarch Iustin Moisescu (1977 1986)/270
Patriarch Teoctist Arăpașu (1986 2007)/274
Bibliography281
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