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The Romanian scientific text. Course for foreign students in the preparatory year
![The Romanian scientific text. Course for foreign students in the preparatory year [1]](https://gomagcdn.ro/domains/editurauniversitara.ro/files/product/original/textul-stiintific-romanesc-curs-pentru-studentii-straini-din-anul-pregatitor-273407.jpg "The Romanian scientific text. Course for foreign students in the preparatory year [1]")
Publisher: Editura Universitară
Author: Alina-Georgiana Focsineanu
Edition: I
Pages: 100
Publisher year: 2024
ISBN: 978-606-28-1807-4
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5682/9786062818074
Product Code:
9786062818074
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This paper represents an attempt to offer foreign students who learn Romanian during the preparatory year a course support for the Romanian Scientific Text discipline.
Since the 2019-2020 academic year, when we have been teaching the above-mentioned course at the University of Bucharest, based on the feedback received from students, as well as the experience and results obtained by them at various student scientific events, such as UB Talks and Best Letters Colloquia, we have improved some sections of our paper. In this context, it is worth noting that this is not an exhaustive course or manual on academic writing, because such a didactic approach would be a losing bet from the start.
Throughout these years, depending on the linguistic level of the students, we have continuously adapted the terminology used and the contents regarding the general characteristics of the scientific style (D. Irimia, 1986, D. Rovenșa-Frumușani, 1995) and the technique of writing scientific texts (A. Șerbănescu, 2007, O. Boc, 2022, I. Rad, 2023).
We continue with the presentation of the contents included in this course, highlighting each time their usefulness for the non-native who learns Romanian as a foreign language during the preparatory year.
In the first chapter, Introduction. General features, we described the general characteristics of the scientific text, we highlighted the drafting errors that can lead to misunderstanding of the message communicated by the author in such a text and we made several recommendations regarding the correct writing of a scientific text.
In the second chapter, Lexical peculiarities in scientific texts, I presented the characteristics and structure of the vocabulary used in scientific texts and indicated, with examples, some prefixes and suffixes that are used in scientific texts belonging to various fields.
The third chapter, Morphological peculiarities in scientific texts, includes a review of several characteristics of verbs, adjectives, pronouns and nouns. For the latter, I highlighted an important peculiarity, namely the use of variants, which can often represent a difficulty in learning the Romanian language by non-native speakers.
In the next chapter, Syntactic peculiarities in scientific texts, along with the presentation of the characteristics of the syntax specific to scientific texts, I explained the importance of using discursive connectors in terms of producing a coherent scientific text, by communicating a logical and organized message.
Given that many of the foreign students who learn Romanian as a foreign language are native speakers of a variety of languages, many of which do not use the Latin alphabet, in the chapter Particularities of Punctuation in Scientific Texts we presented the rules for using punctuation marks.
In chapter six, Stages of Understanding a Scientific Text, we listed the stages of receiving a scientific text and provided a list of verbs that can be used in this process.
Further, in Stages of Writing a Scientific Text, we described the stages of producing a scientific discourse and highlighted several issues that an author must take into account when writing.
In chapter eight, Techniques for Developing Ideas in Scientific Texts, we presented the methods of organizing and developing ideas, necessary to obtain a logical scientific text that can be understood by readers.
Next, in Argumentation in scientific text, I highlighted the importance of argumentation and described some of the possible errors that an author can make when arguing.
Since the 2019-2020 academic year, when we have been teaching the above-mentioned course at the University of Bucharest, based on the feedback received from students, as well as the experience and results obtained by them at various student scientific events, such as UB Talks and Best Letters Colloquia, we have improved some sections of our paper. In this context, it is worth noting that this is not an exhaustive course or manual on academic writing, because such a didactic approach would be a losing bet from the start.
Throughout these years, depending on the linguistic level of the students, we have continuously adapted the terminology used and the contents regarding the general characteristics of the scientific style (D. Irimia, 1986, D. Rovenșa-Frumușani, 1995) and the technique of writing scientific texts (A. Șerbănescu, 2007, O. Boc, 2022, I. Rad, 2023).
We continue with the presentation of the contents included in this course, highlighting each time their usefulness for the non-native who learns Romanian as a foreign language during the preparatory year.
In the first chapter, Introduction. General features, we described the general characteristics of the scientific text, we highlighted the drafting errors that can lead to misunderstanding of the message communicated by the author in such a text and we made several recommendations regarding the correct writing of a scientific text.
In the second chapter, Lexical peculiarities in scientific texts, I presented the characteristics and structure of the vocabulary used in scientific texts and indicated, with examples, some prefixes and suffixes that are used in scientific texts belonging to various fields.
The third chapter, Morphological peculiarities in scientific texts, includes a review of several characteristics of verbs, adjectives, pronouns and nouns. For the latter, I highlighted an important peculiarity, namely the use of variants, which can often represent a difficulty in learning the Romanian language by non-native speakers.
In the next chapter, Syntactic peculiarities in scientific texts, along with the presentation of the characteristics of the syntax specific to scientific texts, I explained the importance of using discursive connectors in terms of producing a coherent scientific text, by communicating a logical and organized message.
Given that many of the foreign students who learn Romanian as a foreign language are native speakers of a variety of languages, many of which do not use the Latin alphabet, in the chapter Particularities of Punctuation in Scientific Texts we presented the rules for using punctuation marks.
In chapter six, Stages of Understanding a Scientific Text, we listed the stages of receiving a scientific text and provided a list of verbs that can be used in this process.
Further, in Stages of Writing a Scientific Text, we described the stages of producing a scientific discourse and highlighted several issues that an author must take into account when writing.
In chapter eight, Techniques for Developing Ideas in Scientific Texts, we presented the methods of organizing and developing ideas, necessary to obtain a logical scientific text that can be understood by readers.
Next, in Argumentation in scientific text, I highlighted the importance of argumentation and described some of the possible errors that an author can make when arguing.
Letter to the foreign student in the preparatory year/16
I. Introduction. General features/19
I.1. Introduction/19
I.2. General features /20
I.2.1. Logic/20
I.2.2. Objectivity/20
I.2.3. Precision /21
I.2.4. Unity/21
I.2.5. Propriety/21
I.2.6. Clarity/23
I.2.7. Conciseness/23
I.2.8. Variety/24
I.2.9. Efficiency/24
I.2.10. Euphony /24
II. Lexical peculiarities in the scientific text/25
II.1. General characteristics/25
II.2. Vocabulary structure in the scientific text /28
III. Morphological peculiarities in scientific texts/30
III.1. Peculiarities of verbs/30
III.2. Peculiarities of adjectives/30
III.3. Peculiarities of pronouns/30
III.4. Peculiarities of nouns/31
III.5. Use of nouns in variants/32
III.5.1. Variants of nouns depending on ending/32
III.5.2. Variants of nouns depending on gender and number/33
III.5.2.1. Nouns with neuter and masculine plural/33
III.5.2.2./Nouns with two neuter plural forms/35
IV. Syntactic peculiarities in scientific texts/36
IV.1. General characteristics/36
IV.2. Linking words/38
V. Punctuation features in scientific texts/44
V.1. Period/44
V.2. Question mark/45
V.3. Exclamation mark/45
V.4. Comma/45
V.5. Semicolon/46
V.6. Colon/46
V.7. Quotation marks (quotes)/46
V.8. Dialogue or pause line/46
V.9. Parenthesis/47
V.10. Exclamation points/47
V.11. Hyphen (joining or separating line)/47
V.12. Slash/47
V.13. Tilda/48
V.14. Asterisk/48
VI. Stages of understanding scientific texts/49
VII. Stages of writing scientific texts/52
VII.1. Text planning/52
VII.2. Drafting/52
VII.3. Revision /52
VII.4. Final form/53
VII.5. Confronting the text with readers /53
VIII. Techniques for developing ideas in scientific texts/54
VIII.1. Definition/54
VIII.2. Detailing and exemplifying/54
VIII.3. Comparison and contrast /55
VIII.4. Analogy/55
VIII.5. Classification/56
VIII.6. Cause-event-effect relationship/56
VIII.7. Process analysis/57
IX. Argumentation in scientific texts/58
IX.1. Planning the argument/58
IX.2. Collecting evidence and using it correctly in the argument/59
IX.3. Knowing the audience and anticipating possible objections /59
IX.4. Revision /60
IX.4.1. Global revision /60
IX.4.2. Local revision/61
X. Structure of a scientific text/63
X.1. Title/63
X.2. Author's name/63
X.3. Introduction/63
X.4. Contents/64
X.5. Conclusions/64
X.6. List of acronyms and abbreviations/64
X.7. Bibliography/65
X.8. Illustrative material/65
X.9. List of illustrations/65
X.10. Summary/65
X.11. Index/65
X.12. Table of contents/66
X.13. Motto/66
X.14. Dedication/66
XI. Types of scientific texts/67
XI.1. Note/67
XI.2. Review/67
XI.3. Report/67
XI.4. Article/68
XI.5. Study/68
XI.6. Treatise /68
XI.7. Compendium/68
XI.8. Handbook/68
XI.9. Essay/69
XI.10. Scientific communication /69
XI.11. Bachelor's thesis/dissertation/69
XI.12. Doctoral thesis/69
XII. The critical apparatus of a scientific text/70
XIII. Bibliography of a scientific work/73
XIII.1. Types of bibliographies/73
XIII.1.1. General bibliography/73
XIII.1.2. Special bibliography/74
XIII.1.3. Signaletic bibliography /74
XIII.1.4. Analytical bibliography/74
XIII.1.5. Bibliography of an author /74
XIII.2. Organization of the bibliography/74
XIV. The scientific text, between originality and plagiarism/ 76
Appendices/79
Appendix I. The logic text /79
Appendix II. The psychology text/81
Appendix III. The philosophy text/84
Appendix IV. The sociology text/86
Appendix V. The history text/89
Appendix VI. The geography text/91
Appendix VII. The economics text/94
Appendix VIII. Mathematics Text/96
Annex IX. Biology Text/97
Annex X. Physics Text/99
Annex XI. Chemistry Text/101
Sources. School Textbooks/103
Dictionaries/104
Electronic Resources/104
Bibliography/105
I. General Bibliography/105
II. Special Bibliography/107
I. Introduction. General features/19
I.1. Introduction/19
I.2. General features /20
I.2.1. Logic/20
I.2.2. Objectivity/20
I.2.3. Precision /21
I.2.4. Unity/21
I.2.5. Propriety/21
I.2.6. Clarity/23
I.2.7. Conciseness/23
I.2.8. Variety/24
I.2.9. Efficiency/24
I.2.10. Euphony /24
II. Lexical peculiarities in the scientific text/25
II.1. General characteristics/25
II.2. Vocabulary structure in the scientific text /28
III. Morphological peculiarities in scientific texts/30
III.1. Peculiarities of verbs/30
III.2. Peculiarities of adjectives/30
III.3. Peculiarities of pronouns/30
III.4. Peculiarities of nouns/31
III.5. Use of nouns in variants/32
III.5.1. Variants of nouns depending on ending/32
III.5.2. Variants of nouns depending on gender and number/33
III.5.2.1. Nouns with neuter and masculine plural/33
III.5.2.2./Nouns with two neuter plural forms/35
IV. Syntactic peculiarities in scientific texts/36
IV.1. General characteristics/36
IV.2. Linking words/38
V. Punctuation features in scientific texts/44
V.1. Period/44
V.2. Question mark/45
V.3. Exclamation mark/45
V.4. Comma/45
V.5. Semicolon/46
V.6. Colon/46
V.7. Quotation marks (quotes)/46
V.8. Dialogue or pause line/46
V.9. Parenthesis/47
V.10. Exclamation points/47
V.11. Hyphen (joining or separating line)/47
V.12. Slash/47
V.13. Tilda/48
V.14. Asterisk/48
VI. Stages of understanding scientific texts/49
VII. Stages of writing scientific texts/52
VII.1. Text planning/52
VII.2. Drafting/52
VII.3. Revision /52
VII.4. Final form/53
VII.5. Confronting the text with readers /53
VIII. Techniques for developing ideas in scientific texts/54
VIII.1. Definition/54
VIII.2. Detailing and exemplifying/54
VIII.3. Comparison and contrast /55
VIII.4. Analogy/55
VIII.5. Classification/56
VIII.6. Cause-event-effect relationship/56
VIII.7. Process analysis/57
IX. Argumentation in scientific texts/58
IX.1. Planning the argument/58
IX.2. Collecting evidence and using it correctly in the argument/59
IX.3. Knowing the audience and anticipating possible objections /59
IX.4. Revision /60
IX.4.1. Global revision /60
IX.4.2. Local revision/61
X. Structure of a scientific text/63
X.1. Title/63
X.2. Author's name/63
X.3. Introduction/63
X.4. Contents/64
X.5. Conclusions/64
X.6. List of acronyms and abbreviations/64
X.7. Bibliography/65
X.8. Illustrative material/65
X.9. List of illustrations/65
X.10. Summary/65
X.11. Index/65
X.12. Table of contents/66
X.13. Motto/66
X.14. Dedication/66
XI. Types of scientific texts/67
XI.1. Note/67
XI.2. Review/67
XI.3. Report/67
XI.4. Article/68
XI.5. Study/68
XI.6. Treatise /68
XI.7. Compendium/68
XI.8. Handbook/68
XI.9. Essay/69
XI.10. Scientific communication /69
XI.11. Bachelor's thesis/dissertation/69
XI.12. Doctoral thesis/69
XII. The critical apparatus of a scientific text/70
XIII. Bibliography of a scientific work/73
XIII.1. Types of bibliographies/73
XIII.1.1. General bibliography/73
XIII.1.2. Special bibliography/74
XIII.1.3. Signaletic bibliography /74
XIII.1.4. Analytical bibliography/74
XIII.1.5. Bibliography of an author /74
XIII.2. Organization of the bibliography/74
XIV. The scientific text, between originality and plagiarism/ 76
Appendices/79
Appendix I. The logic text /79
Appendix II. The psychology text/81
Appendix III. The philosophy text/84
Appendix IV. The sociology text/86
Appendix V. The history text/89
Appendix VI. The geography text/91
Appendix VII. The economics text/94
Appendix VIII. Mathematics Text/96
Annex IX. Biology Text/97
Annex X. Physics Text/99
Annex XI. Chemistry Text/101
Sources. School Textbooks/103
Dictionaries/104
Electronic Resources/104
Bibliography/105
I. General Bibliography/105
II. Special Bibliography/107
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