Labor market and employment in Dobrogea

The paper "Labour Market and Employment in Dobrogea area" completes the rich literature devoted to the human factor in economic activity. Although the issues addressed in the paper is perennial and major concerns of economic theory and practice at micro, mezzo and macro, it keeps alive the importance and timeliness. There are a bunch of questions first, so - called "secular arguments" that have polarized the debate over special time and which were not found convincing and widely accepted solutions. One of these concerns even "subject transaction" on the market under discussion. There are views after the transaction, that agent contract between supply and demand, is the work to be filed and paid. Other opinions say that the transaction target workforce, meaning that bidder temporarily put his skills available to employers of work, including experience and is given as remuneration. After these views is labor contract in a case is "sui generis" of the lease. Finally, today, know a great resonance opinions after which the contract of work the employee is to provide a package for receiving a price negotiated salary and other payments in the form of concrete determined period of time for which the employer needs of those services. A careful analysis of the debates in our country on the Labour Code changes and visions reveal different protagonists on the transaction subject to the labor market.

News and relevant issues addressed in this paper follows, secondly, the new circumstances that influence the operation and require specific labor market restructuring. In this respect, researcher labor market in Romania is called to evaluate the contour, trends and mechanisms of formation and functioning of labor markets subject to cyclical crisis, the EU accession and integration into the backdrop for the new economy based on creativity and knowledge in the context of affirmation a new phase of economic globalization. From this perspective this paper is a useful tool for students and other professionals, but especially as a basis for decision-making structures of reflection, private and public local and regional area.

Work based on relevant documentation in the literature and a rich statistical information for the period 1996-2008, it is processed in a professional reference product for the economy of Constanta and Tulcea counties. In addition, fertile dialogue with the views and opinions of the author's literature, most exciting, urges the reader to reflection and action. Their range is extensive, and the interested reader will certainly notice. Some are general, theoretical and methodological importance, others are more particular, with specific resonance in Dobrogea area. The first category I want to remember at least two of which related to general economic theory. Thus, the author believes that, currently studying labor market stance derivative market is insufficient. It fulfills many functions generated by triple hypostasis in which is found in advanced economies: resonant and receptor-evaluator of situations in other markets and the issuer anticipatory signals for them. She becomes an active market in a relationship of market feedback system which includes, but operating in particular in relation to this, at least in terms of high degree which is subject to regulatory and complex interests that agent focus to offer. It is worth mentioning that in advanced countries that have reached a certain level of labor productivity, ensure workplace is the determining factor for ensuring and increasing welfare. Providing jobs and employment are the organizational structures and any government in these countries a priority to maintain economic and social welfare, diminishing the importance of the controversial issues of social protection and income redistribution to disadvantaged groups, but able to work. Default to Romania, but especially for Tulcea county, income redistribution and social protection for important categories of working age population, including employment, remain current until reaching a level of productivity comparable to that of the EU-15. Highly topical and important theoretical and practical also have views of the author of: excessive fragmentation of the labor market, new factors that confer fragility, instability and conflict-labor market, economic trends, but also in family plan, international labor migration of work. Most of the analysis of dynamic analysis work is quartered on the volume and structure of labor resources in the region, on employment and its specific profile in the two counties.

Information from national statistical system is processed, structured and restructured with skills and competencies, resulting in the calculations and evaluations relevant to know the social costs of unemployment, economic dependence, dynamic correlations between productivity and real wages, high and growing size of waste resources and work area in each of the two counties. Based on analysis in the paper, the focus of scientific research, and administrative structures, local employers but is focused on some relevant issues such as:

- Reduce by over 30% of active and potential population growth rate in school dropout;

- High share of own consumption, which is cause and expression of low productivity, underemployment, low incomes and consumption, especially in Tulcea County;

- Although based on statistics finding that induce occupational profile of the area is tertiary, in fact, especially in Tulcea, the feature is pseudo-tertializarea, mainly in services employment, arising not only from the high level of income and economic development, or the structure of consumption expenditures, and especially because of traditions, low productivity, lack of or insufficient local opportunities, is ultimately a precarious occupation, as an alternative to unemployment;

- Labor market and employment in Dobrogea area have a high degree of fragility. Among the circumstances which require this situation, determining, ultimately, competitive advantages (AC) fragile (Tier I and Tier II - V. M. Porter) that is based specialization of most companies in the area, both with Romanian capital, and foreign. This type of A.C. induce low levels of added value, productivity and incomes. This explains the situation to increase real GDP / capita in recent years was due largely to reduce absolute population;

- A special significance is the conclusion that, overall, the third sector in the two counties, real wage growth was usually high labor productivity growth, which may allow the conclusion that it is pseudo-tertializarea in structural factor of inflation;

- Economic and human development prospects of the area are possible only to the extent that there is a break in the profile and occupational specialization, especially in Tulcea County. Involved in the process of EU regional funds is decisive only to the extent that local and regional structures involved and influence the restructuring mechanism.

These are reasons why the present work, with basic thesis supported by the author at the Academy of Economic Studies, it is a starting point for further studies of the territorial economy and recommend available to the public interested in economic issues Dobrogea area.





Prof. Ph.D. Elijah Gavrila
October 2010