Expectations from agriculture, after 1989, were multiple. From a centralized agriculture that was export-oriented to pay the sums needed for investments in the national economy, the population expected the development of an agriculture that could meet the internal requirements of the population of agri-food products. The structural changes that took place, especially through the restitution of agricultural areas, to which they belonged before collectivization (Law 18/1991), but also through the destruction of factories in the processing industry, stables, irrigation systems, network of the internal and external market, of the Agricultural Bank, etc., have made that, since 2000, the entire animal husbandry and processing industry of agricultural production to reach ruin.
The study aimed to analyze the impact of accession - through investments that have been and are made in agriculture, through the experience of agricultural developed countries - on the organization of production and work, on production and economic results, on the standard of living the peasant.
In the last 20 years, Romanian agriculture has benefited from three programs: SAPARD Program, in the period 2000-2006, amounting to 1,417,827,412 euros, with a number of 4931 projects; PNDR, in the period 2006-2013, amounting to 7,034,337,440 euros with a number of 95,993 projects and PNDR, in the period 2014-2020, amounting to 8,127,996,402 euros.
The objectives of these programs were generous for measures to develop agriculture and to increase the living standards of the peasants. Thus, the National Rural Development Program (PNDR) 2007-2013 is a program that respected the strategic rural development lines of the European Union and which, first of all, aimed to improve the balance between economic development and sustainable use of natural resources. , maintaining and increasing the attractiveness of rural areas - these being basic elements in diversifying economic activities (Glogovetan, 2014). Sustainable, viable or sustainable economic development is a way of economic development in which there is the objective that, by satisfying the present consumption requirements, not to prejudice or compromise the requirements of future generations (Mocanu, 2015).
Although these goals were generous, their achievement was far from the established levels. Apart from the increase in the level of average productions for field crops, the other sectors could not recover but, on the contrary, their degradation continued, such as: the decrease of livestock; decreasing the areas of fruit trees and vines, vegetable greenhouses; closure or complete destruction of slaughterhouses, canneries, sugar factories; destruction of tractor and agricultural machinery factories; migration of rural youth in Western Europe; aging of the rural population; increase in exports of primary agricultural products and imports of processed agri-food products; alienation of agricultural land. It is considered that the main reason for the failure of the objectives proposed by the Programs was the poor absorption of Union money, both for the structural funds programs and for the funds from agriculture. During the programming period, they are based on the lack of development vision, a poor quality of projects and excessive bureaucracy (Lucian, 2015).
For these programs, impact studies highlight the positive effect of investments on revitalizing rural areas (labor market) by creating / maintaining new jobs, but also the fact that the SAPARD Program alone failed to stop migration from rural areas - which decreased in seven years (2002-2009) with about 5.2% of the population - but it helped to limit this phenomenon (Ecosphere, 2011).
At the end of the introduction I would like to thank my wife and children, Alexandru and Cosmina, who were deprived of some of the time they deserved, in order to prepare this paper.
The Author