CHAPTER I. On the Body Image Construct. Conceptualization and Dimensions/14
1.1. The Emergence and Evolution of the Body Image Construct/14
1.2. Conceptualization and Operationalization Methods/17
1.3. The Perceptual Dimension/20
1.4. The Cognitive Dimension/26
1.4.1. The Self-Discrepancy Model/29
1.5. The Attitudinal Dimension/33
1.4. The Dynamic Character of Body Image /38
CHAPTER II. The Body between Biological and Social /41
2.1. The Body as a Space of Expression/41
2.2. The Myth of the Perfect Body in the Context of Consumer Culture/43
2.3. Objectification of the Body/48
CHAPTER III. Body Image Development. Theoretical Models/52
3.1. The Dual Model of Body Image Development/53
3.2. The Trifactorial Model of Body Image Development/54
3.2.1. Social Comparison/55
3.3. The Model of Proximal and Distal Factors of Body Image Development/58
CHAPTER IV. Factors that contribute to the development of body image /60
4.1. Sociocultural factors/60
4.1.1. Influences from the media/62
4.1.2. Influences from the family/70
4.1.3. Influences from the group of friends/72
4.2. Individual factors/77
4.2.1. Body weight/77
4.2.2. Self-esteem /79
4.2.3. Perfectionism /84
4.2.4. Athletic skills/88
CHAPTER V. Body Image in Adolescence/91
5.1. Development of Body Image in Adolescence/91
5.2. Studies on the Role of Social and Individual Factors in the Development of Body Image in Adolescence/97
5.2.1. Gender and Age Differences in Body Esteem in Adolescents Aged 15 to 20 /100
5.2.2. Appearance-Related Feedback and Body Esteem/105
5.2.3. Social and Athletic Competencies and Body Esteem/111
5.2.4. Perfectionism and the Internalization of the Socioculturally Promoted Ideal of Attractiveness /115
5.2.5. Testing the Effects of Exposure to Images Representing the Socioculturally Promoted Ideal of Attractiveness on the Level of Appearance-Related Anxiety in Social Contexts/125
5.3. Final Conclusions/141
Bibliography/144
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