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Tricolor banners of the national struggle in Bucovina - "Arboroasa" and "Junimea"

Tricolor banners of the national struggle in Bucovina - "Arboroasa" and "Junimea"

Name: Tricolor banners of the national struggle in Bucovina - "Arboroasa" and "Junimea"
Brand: Editura Universitară
SKU: 9786062818425
Price: 37 RON
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Publisher: Editura Universitară

Author: Mirela Curca

Edition:

Pages: 452

Publisher year: 2024

ISBN: 978-606-28-1842-5

DOI: 10.5682/9786062818425

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With this book, we set out to follow the important moments of the evolution of the national cultural societies in Bucovina, focusing, in particular, on the "Arboroasa" and "Junimea" Academic Societies from Cernauţi. They have been less studied, that's why it was necessary to restore as much as possible their activities, in the complex context of Bucovina and Romanian associationism, in general. The work is also a real fresco of a region with a turbulent history, Bucovina.

Tricolor banners of the national struggle in Bucovina - "Arboroasa" and "Junimea"
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MIRELA CURCA

Foreword / 5

Introduction. History and historiography / 9

Chapter I
National cultural associationism in the Romanian space / 27
I.1. The birth of cultural associations in the 19th century / 27
I.2. The cultural, political, institutional situation of Bucovina. The avatars of the Bukovina association / 48
I.3. The relations of the cultural societies of Bucovina with the other provinces inhabited by Romanians (1862 1918) / 114

Chapter II
Literary, scientific, didactic, professional and philanthropic societies from Bucovina (1862 1938) / 142
II.1. "The Literary Society of the Diocese of Bucovina" / 142
II.2. "Society for the Foundation and Maintenance of a Public Library" (1851) / 143
II.3. Library of secondary school students from Cernăuţi (1857) / 145
II.4. "Society for Romanian culture and literature from Bucovina" SCLRB (1862) / 147
II.5. Society "Siret Museum" (1871) / 160
II.6. Musical Society "Armonia" (1881) / 161
II.7. Society "Romanian School" (1883) / 164
II.8. The Romanian Archaeological Society of Bucovina (1886) / 168
II.9. The Romanian Club (1887) / 169
II.10. The "Museum" Society (1899) / 170
II.11. Singing Society "Light" (1891) / 171
II.12. Society of Romanian Ladies from Bucovina (1891) / 171
II.13. Romanian Pedagogical Meeting from Bucovina (1893) / 176
II.14. "Young Romanian" Society (1893) / 177
II.15. The Romanian Club from Rădăuţi (1900) / 178
II.16. "Ciprian Porumbescu" singing gathering (1903) / 178
II.17. The "Rarăul" Society from Campulung (1896) / 180
II.18. "Society of archers" - "Archers" (1905) / 180

Chapter III
Student societies from Bucovina – 1875 1938 / 185
III.1. Romanian academic meetings "Bucovina" and "Moldova" / 189
III.2. "Orthodox Academy" Society of Theology Students from Chernivtsi / 197
III.3. Romanian Academic Society "Dacia" / 201

Chapter IV
The student society "Arboroasa" from Chernivtsi (1875 1877) / 210
IV.1. Background and actions preceding the founding of the "Arboroasa" Academic Society / 211
IV.1.1. The Putna celebration from 1871 / 212
IV.1.2. University of Chernivtsi / 218
IV.1.3. The centenary of the kidnapping of Bucovina. War of Independence / 223
IV.2. Foundation of the "Arboroasa" Society of Bucovina students / 230
IV.3. Organizational evolution / 236
IV.4. The trial of "Arboroasa" / 245
IV.5. "Arboroasa" Student Circle (1919) / 258

Chapter V
"Junimea" Academic Society 1878 1918 / 268
V.1. Foundation of the "Junimea" Academic Society 1878 / 268
V.2. Statutes of the "Juminea" Student Society. Organizational evolution 1878 1914 / 271

Chapter VI
The national militancy of the "Junimea" Academic Society. The contribution of the Junemen to the Great War and the Great Union / 324
VI.1. The national militancy of the "Junimea" Academic Society / 324
VI.2. Suspension of the "Junimea" Company. The role of "junimen" in the war and in achieving the Great Union / 346

Chapter VII
The activity of the "Junimea" Society within Greater Romania / 367
VII.1. The social, political and cultural framework of interwar Bucovina. Associationism in interwar Bucovina / 367
VII.2. Reestablishment of the "Juminea" Company. Ideals, wishes, statutes, directions of action / 367
ARE YOU COMING. 3. The national cultural activity of the interwar Bukovina "Junimi" / 385
VII.4. Presidents and prominent members of "Junimia" / 403
VII.5. Suppression of the "Junimea" Student Society. Reactivation attempts / 416

Conclusions / 421

General bibliography / 431

Bucovina is a name imposed by the new masters who seized this territory from the body of Moldova in 1775 and is known in the collective mind as belonging to a historical Romanian province. A part of this old Romanian land belongs to Ukraine and interest in Bucovina is great, intensifying with the Russo-Ukrainian war, Romanians being interested in the fate of their co-ethnics across the border, in their turbulent history under foreign rule. The centenary of Greater Romania, celebrated in 2018, brought back into focus the crucial events of the war of integration and the Great Union.
Whoever says the name Bucovina thinks of the medieval monasteries, the Putna lui Ştefan cel Mare, Aron Pumnul, Mihai Eminescu, Ciprian Porumbescu, Iancu Flondor, Dimitrie Onciul, Sextil Pușcariu or Ion Nistor. In Cernăuţi, at Vama, Rădăuţi, Vicov, Siret, Suceava or Fălticeni. But also at "Arboroasa" or "Junimea", the student societies enveloped by the aura of the victorious struggle for national emancipation.
In the Phanariot century and the endless Russo-Austro-Turkish wars, the Habsburg empress, Maria Theresa, obtained, taking advantage of the instability of the fronts and borders and the corruption of the Turkish governors, the annexation of a territory that had belonged to Muscatine Moldavia for centuries. The voivode who stood up against the abusive kidnapping paid with his life and became a symbol for the young freedom fighters later. Northern Moldova became Bucovina, receiving a Slavic name and being systematically subjected to a denationalization that would remove the preponderance and privileges of the large Romanian majority. And, at least from a demographic point of view, the Austrian government's policy was successful, with Bucovina becoming an ethnic and confessional mosaic. Caught between the Russians and the Austrians, the Romanians from Bukovina saw in the Austrian rule an added civilization compared to a brutal Russian suzerainty. And history proved them right: the Austrians with their long rule, with their assiduous grinding policy, did not achieve what the Russians were able to do in much less time: the Romanian identity was preserved and in 1918 they were prepared for national liberation, but , after the Russian-Soviet rule, Bucovina beyond the border is less and less Romanian.
The year 1848 was a year of "national awakening" in Bucovina as well, with a concentration of the intelligentsia from all the Romanian territories in Cernăuţi, where the young Pashoptists defined the directions of the struggle for national emancipation. The Hurmuzăches were the ones who raised the banner and the young intellectuals from Bukovina began their cultural struggle to preserve the Romanian identity. The students of the University of Chernivtsi united in associations and the "Arboroasa" became a symbol of the Romanians fighting for the nation and the country. The incarceration of its leaders and the "Arboroase" trial became known throughout the Romanian space, arousing opprobrium and hardening the Romanians. In 1878, Romania obtained its independence and if until this date the Bucovinians had chosen the lesser evil, i.e. the Austrians, they now hoped for union with the Romanians across the mountains and despite the repressions of the government in Vienna, the young Romanians coalesced in new student societies in headed by "Junimea", descendant of "Arboroasa". Ciprian Porumbescu was a leader from Arborose, incarcerated in difficult conditions that led to the exacerbation of a lung disease, which also brought him the end at less than 30 years old. He worked in "Junimea" and then in "Romania Jună" from Vienna, receiving the aura of the freedom fighter, who asked in the face of death to be wrapped in the tricolor.
The students' apprenticeship in national cultural societies prepared them to become political activists who achieved the union with Romania. The role of Bukovina student societies in preserving the Romanian identity was significant, we consider it the most important of such associations in the entire Romanian area. The students were the ones who prepared the union, and during the interwar period they supported the integration process of Romanians from Bukovina in Greater Romania.
Like many of the Romanians, the social students from Bukovina were happy and hoped for the arrival of Prince Carol in 1930. He was the one who, in order to complete his authoritarian regime and the cult of personality, abolished the student associations, also taking advantage of the fact that many companies engaged in political struggles. Even Charles II chose to remain the king of a broken country, but king, without any armed response, without a bullet fired. A new ordeal was beginning for Bucovina.
This work is a necessary synthesis of cultural history dedicated to Bucovina from 1775 to 1940, a fresco of a cosmopolitan society, in which the Austrians wanted to create a "homo bucovinensis" and a multi-ethnic province, a model to be implemented in the dualist Empire . The conspiracy of the Austrian authorities was also defeated with an overwhelming role of the Romanian intelligentsia, led by the students.
Through the efforts of Mrs. Mirela Curcă, a world and a turbulent history are revealed to us. We note the interdisciplinarity, mandatory for such a study, a vast bibliography, including especially archival funds, press and literature specific to the theme. It is a difficult and controversial topic, which received the necessary interpretations, helping the reader to understand, through an accessible writing, but based on a judicious choice of the bibliography.
We encourage you to read this book, a gift offered by the professor, who had the support and guidance of a highly prestigious academic, Professor Dr. Simona Nicoară, in her enterprise.

Dr. Daniel DIEACONU,
Research Center for Regional Development and European Integration of the University of Bucharest

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