As a research methodology, this paper is based on a deductive research from general to private that combines quantitative research with qualitative, theoretical and practical research in the way in which the information provided through managerial accounting can respond to a successful management, leading to improving managerial decisions in the electrical lighting equipment industry.
Taking into account the arguments of this research, the main objective of this paper is to outline an overview of managerial accounting and costing, laying the theoretical and conceptual foundations of the research topic to finally get into practice to study the behavior and practices of industry organizations. manufacturer of electrical lighting equipment.
We consider necessary such a study that has both a theoretical and practical utility, to complement the existing literature, because the literature and practice in the field of managerial accounting allow new approaches in redefining strategic objectives by analyzing the efficient use of resources, in order to achieving the general strategy through managerial control.
The content of the six chapters of the doctoral thesis, as a methodology, falls between positivism and normativism, presenting the specifics of managerial accounting and their influences on managerial performance in an unstable environment. The cost information and the main role they play in assisting managerial decisions were characterized.
In order to achieve the proposed main objective, the present research pursued five operational objectives that will be debated during this paper:
systematization from the theoretical perspective of the general framework of managerial accounting in order to highlight its specificity and modern guidelines, so that it can be useful in an integrated system adapted to current requirements;
the systematization from the theoretical perspective of the managerial accounting through the revision of the specialized literature, of the main meanings and evolutions, as well as of the instruments of its exercise in the industry of electrical lighting equipment;
exemplifying how the Target Costing method and the activity-based costing method (ABC) can be applied in the lighting industry;
analysis of environmental costs in the electrical lighting equipment industry in terms of using environmental management accounting as a strategic tool for piloting economic entities in this industry;
analysis of the evolution and prospects of the electrical lighting equipment industry based on global and national data using modern statistical methods.
The development of costing systems, as the main determining factor in the transformation of strategic managerial accounting, will be applied directly within the lighting equipment industry. The present scientific approach aims to analyze the evolution of managerial accounting between the past and its national and international perspectives, presenting concepts of managerial accounting and their role in studying the financial dimension of performance in the field of lighting equipment production.
We consider important the description of the legislative, environmental and technological particularities specific to this field of activity, subject to special regulations different from the other industries. The case study focused on presenting the importance of improving managerial accounting and costing in the lighting industry. It was based on previous research in the field at the national level, "The usefulness of modern forecasting methods in the lighting industry", which demonstrated using questionnaires that most economic entities in the field used in 2015 the traditional methods of costing, and the standard cost method in forecasting production costs has been successfully implemented.
We considered it very important to improve the modern methods of calculating costs in this branch, and the case study was conducted through a critical approach to the management accounting system of an entity in the field of lighting production, highlighting and improving its performance. by implementing the Target Costing and ABC methods.
The paper deals with the environmental costs in the lighting equipment industry through the use of environmental management as a strategic tool for piloting the economic entity. The study carried out within the economic entity studied on the basis of a mathematical model allows us to: identify the products that generate waste in large quantities; to outline some managerial strategies in order to optimize the products and reduce the waste generated.
In this context, the measurement and control of performance in the electrical lighting equipment industry was approached by strategic managerial accounting by using mathematical and statistical methods to analyze the implementation of modern methods of costing.
The five main directions that were followed during the paper led to the establishment of several general objectives. These are:
O.S.1: Analyzing the current state of managerial accounting and highlighting its evolution from simple cost calculation to managerial performance, as well as the role of cost information as the main tool in assisting managerial decisions;
O.S.2: The analysis from the theoretical perspective of the management control through the revision of the specialized literature, of its main meanings and evolutions, as well as of the tools for its exercise in the electrical lighting equipment industry;
O.S.3: Demonstration of the possibilities of integrating some fundamental methods of managerial accounting in the management accounting system used by an entity producing electrical lighting equipment;
O.S.4: Analysis of environmental management accounting (EMA) from a theoretical perspective, systematization, evolution and its implementation factors;
O.S.5: Analysis from a theoretical perspective of mathematical and statistical methods for identifying and quantifying costs in order to develop and implement management decisions and demonstrate the integration of these methods in the analysis of environmental costs in the lighting industry in Romania and the EU;
O.S.6: Analysis of production costs and sales prices in order to predict future developments in the electrical lighting equipment industry using mathematical methods;
OS7: Analysis of the evolution and perspectives in the lighting equipment industry through an explanatory and prescriptive approach based on documentation, data analysis, chronological study, processing and comparison through a graphical method for visual presentation of the research study .