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Reflexive modernity and artificial intelligence. A sociological perspective on discourses on risks and opportunities
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Publisher: Editura Universitară
Author: Anamaria Năstasă
Publisher year: 2026
Edition: I
ISBN: 978-606-28-2339-9
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5682/9786062823399
Product Code:
9786062823399
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Artificial Intelligence has moved from a specialized technological field into everyday life, public debate, scientific research, policymaking, and economic activity. Regarding AI, there are positive expectations, especially around economic benefits from innovation and progress. There are also numerous concerns around uncertainty, regulation, sustainability, or emerging risks. The present book examines competing narratives about AI from a sociological perspective through four case studies. The theoretical framework of reflexive modernity was used (Beck, Giddens, and Lash, 1994) to analyze how risks and promises associated with AI are constructed and balanced across different forms of contemporary discourse and actors. By examining how different actors engage with the risks and promises of AI, the book highlights the reflexive processes through which AI transformations are interpreted and negotiated in contemporary societies.
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Reflexive modernity and artificial intelligence. A sociological perspective on discourses on risks and opportunities
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This work is based on my Doctoral Thesis, completed at the Doctoral School of Sociology, Faculty of Sociology and Social Work, University of Bucharest in 2024.
Ten years ago, I never imagined that I could be in the position of finishing a PhD. Now I can say that it has been a journey filled with scientific, professional, and personal growth. During this process, I discovered research topics that captivated me, encountered insightful sociological theories, and learned about captivating methods. In the future, I want to further explore these areas. My growth during these years would not have been possible without the support of the incredible people I am grateful to acknowledge here.
I would like to thank Cosima Rughinis, my scientific advisor. I always felt encouraged by her cheerful outlook and practical approach. From the start of my PhD, her valuable suggestions and ideas greatly influenced the main topic of my thesis, the theoretical framework used and its general development.
I am grateful to my doctoral scientific committee, Cosmin Toth, Paula Tufiș, and Irina Zamfirache, for their guidance and constructive feedback on methodological aspects, statistical models, theoretical concepts, and general writing advice, all of which contributed to the current thesis.
I want to express my gratitude to my friends and colleagues at the National Scientific Institute for Labour and Social Protection. Their support and guidance have been invaluable during my PhD studies. Collaborating with them has allowed me to explore new methodological approaches which have greatly influenced my thesis. They have also provided me with encouragement and advice outside of scientific matters, for which I am very grateful.
I would like to thank my family, partner, friends, cats, and dogs for their direct and indirect support throughout the writing of this PhD thesis.
Ten years ago, I never imagined that I could be in the position of finishing a PhD. Now I can say that it has been a journey filled with scientific, professional, and personal growth. During this process, I discovered research topics that captivated me, encountered insightful sociological theories, and learned about captivating methods. In the future, I want to further explore these areas. My growth during these years would not have been possible without the support of the incredible people I am grateful to acknowledge here.
I would like to thank Cosima Rughinis, my scientific advisor. I always felt encouraged by her cheerful outlook and practical approach. From the start of my PhD, her valuable suggestions and ideas greatly influenced the main topic of my thesis, the theoretical framework used and its general development.
I am grateful to my doctoral scientific committee, Cosmin Toth, Paula Tufiș, and Irina Zamfirache, for their guidance and constructive feedback on methodological aspects, statistical models, theoretical concepts, and general writing advice, all of which contributed to the current thesis.
I want to express my gratitude to my friends and colleagues at the National Scientific Institute for Labour and Social Protection. Their support and guidance have been invaluable during my PhD studies. Collaborating with them has allowed me to explore new methodological approaches which have greatly influenced my thesis. They have also provided me with encouragement and advice outside of scientific matters, for which I am very grateful.
I would like to thank my family, partner, friends, cats, and dogs for their direct and indirect support throughout the writing of this PhD thesis.
Acknowledgments/ 5
Introduction/ 11
Literature review/ 15
Theoretical framework/ 15
Reflexive modernity and anti-reflexivity/ 15
AI Futurism/ 18
State of the art/ 20
Methodology/ 25
Case study 1. A contextual mapping of AI optimism in Europe/ 29
Introduction/ 29
Literature review/ 30
Methodology/ 33
Results/ 38
Chapter conclusions and discussions/ 45
Case study 2. A bibliometric, thematic analysis and topic modelling analysis of the literature on sociology of artificial intelligence/ 48
Introduction/ 48
Literature review/ 49
Methodology/ 51
Bibliometric analysis/ 51
Thematic analysis/ 54
Topic modelling/ 55
Results of descriptive bibliometric analysis/ 56
Results of thematic analysis/ 64
Sociolinguistics and Sociopsychology approaches to AI/ 65
Principles to guide AI technologies design/ 65
Imaginaries and expectations about AI technologies/ 66
AI and the future of work/ 75
Inequality/ 80
AI methods and approaches in sociology/ 82
Human machine interaction - communication studies/ 84
Societal implication of Artificial Intelligence technologies and impacts on sociological field/ 87
Results of Topic Modelling in Literature Abstracts: Validating Bibliometric Analysis/ 91
Case study discussions and conclusions/ 98
Case study 3: Artificial intelligence and sustainable development during the pandemic: An overview of the scientific debates/ 100
Case study 4. AI experts’ concerns on AI and AI Act/ 102
Introduction/102
Literature review/ 103
Methodology/ 104
Results/ 104
Applications of AI (Act)/ 105
Transparency principles/ 106
Testing AI technologies/ 107
Users’ education/ 107
AI Act and law enforcement/ 108
Fundamental rights/ 110
Surveillance practices/ 111
AI applications in finance and banking sectors/ 112
Impacts on patients in healthcare organisations/ 113
Medical devices/ 114
Personal data safety/ 114
Research and innovation/ 115
Case study discussions and conclusions/ 116
Thesis conclusions and discussions/ 118
Limitations and future directions/ 122
Original contributions/ 125
References/ 127
Introduction/ 11
Literature review/ 15
Theoretical framework/ 15
Reflexive modernity and anti-reflexivity/ 15
AI Futurism/ 18
State of the art/ 20
Methodology/ 25
Case study 1. A contextual mapping of AI optimism in Europe/ 29
Introduction/ 29
Literature review/ 30
Methodology/ 33
Results/ 38
Chapter conclusions and discussions/ 45
Case study 2. A bibliometric, thematic analysis and topic modelling analysis of the literature on sociology of artificial intelligence/ 48
Introduction/ 48
Literature review/ 49
Methodology/ 51
Bibliometric analysis/ 51
Thematic analysis/ 54
Topic modelling/ 55
Results of descriptive bibliometric analysis/ 56
Results of thematic analysis/ 64
Sociolinguistics and Sociopsychology approaches to AI/ 65
Principles to guide AI technologies design/ 65
Imaginaries and expectations about AI technologies/ 66
AI and the future of work/ 75
Inequality/ 80
AI methods and approaches in sociology/ 82
Human machine interaction - communication studies/ 84
Societal implication of Artificial Intelligence technologies and impacts on sociological field/ 87
Results of Topic Modelling in Literature Abstracts: Validating Bibliometric Analysis/ 91
Case study discussions and conclusions/ 98
Case study 3: Artificial intelligence and sustainable development during the pandemic: An overview of the scientific debates/ 100
Case study 4. AI experts’ concerns on AI and AI Act/ 102
Introduction/102
Literature review/ 103
Methodology/ 104
Results/ 104
Applications of AI (Act)/ 105
Transparency principles/ 106
Testing AI technologies/ 107
Users’ education/ 107
AI Act and law enforcement/ 108
Fundamental rights/ 110
Surveillance practices/ 111
AI applications in finance and banking sectors/ 112
Impacts on patients in healthcare organisations/ 113
Medical devices/ 114
Personal data safety/ 114
Research and innovation/ 115
Case study discussions and conclusions/ 116
Thesis conclusions and discussions/ 118
Limitations and future directions/ 122
Original contributions/ 125
References/ 127
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