The research aims to present some forms of support for the child with mental weakness. Thus, this paper aims to, among other things, provide a method of intervention, an optimal alternative to work in the educational instructional process and recovery of young students with mental weakness.
Dynamic assessment underpins cognitive education, which includes a set of methods and programs aimed primarily at improving intellectual efficiency. Basically, cognitive education is seen as an educational extension of the evaluation of intellectual potential.
Intelligence education in the sense of its development has been largely replaced by specialized or instrumental reduction based largely on a medical conception of reeducation.
Dynamic methods of diagnosing intelligence combine a valid measurement of the intellectual level with the investigation of cognitive functioning, orienting the diagnosis in an educational sense.
Within the formative dynamic orientation, psychodiagnosis aims both to highlight the current level of development of the investigated subject - level explained by its causes and evolution along the stages, and to anticipate, in an active, dynamic development under the influence of learning.
Depending on the objective pursued and the manner in which it is used, any classic psychodiagnostic test can be or can become a formative test.
The theory of mediated learning developed by Reuven Feuerstein can be included in the category of metacognitive theories of learning, which have contributed to changing the concept of intelligence development, redefining the role of school and teachers in achieving learning in children.
According to Reuven Feuerstein's theory, intelligence is a constantly evolving process and not a stable and unchangeable process of personality. The questions formulated by specialists in connection with this issue refer to the conditions that favor the development of the learning potential, to the elements whose presence or absence creates barriers within the process of mutual adaptation between the environment and the person.
The psychodiagnostic act is completed in a formative manner, because it approaches the diagnosis of condition, as Emil Verza calls it, or, in other words, the current state of the subject, not only in terms of etiological diagnosis, but also from the perspective of predicting evolution in the immediate stage. next (prognosis following diagnosis).
However, in the formative dynamic psychodiagnosis, it is not a spontaneous, accidental evolution, but rather an evolution directed in and through the learning activity towards the optimal capitalization of the individual potential of the investigated subjects.
The first formative orientations are considered to be the Piagetian psychogenetic tests, ie the operative tests, the ones by which the cohesion of the state diagnosis with etiological diagnosis, as well as with prognostic elements, was managed in a unitary investigative approach.
The dynamic formative orientation based on the idea of ​​active intervention, of guided influence, in order to maximize the real learning and development capacity of each child, changes the traditional perspective on the diagnosis system, transforming it from a strictly ascertaining, static approach of the investigated subjects. , in a dynamic approach.
In our country, surgical tests have been experienced and used in scientific research, especially by Tiberiu Kulcsar and N. Obrogea.
Therefore, any reference to evaluation was implicitly meant to be made in the context of dynamic evaluation. Today, in the Russian boarding school system, many differentiated classes are organized for children with learning difficulties and school adaptation, including delays and insufficient intellectual development. Having the name of corrective formative training classes, they are based on the principle of early intervention, being organized only at the level of primary classes of regular education. Having a curriculum similar to that of primary education, but staggered, during five years of study instead of four.
The present paper is intended to be a review of the main orientations and directions in dynamic formative assessment, as well as an emphasis on the ways in which it is complementary to the classical one. The need to use dynamic formative assessment is already recognized and is based on the human being's ability to be modifiable. The use of evaluation methods to target process and development are given by the emergence of new concepts on intelligence, development and cognitive functioning.
Dynamic formative assessment is the stage that precedes any cognitive intervention program. It is in no way intended to form new skills or to transform existing intellectual structures. It is the role of cognitive enrichment and education programs to determine structural change. Dynamic evaluation is therefore the starting point for any cognitive intervention, establishing on the one hand the current level of development, as well as the directions and subsequent levels of development.
Dynamic evaluation is an interactive approach to psychological or psychoeducational evaluation that incorporates intervention into the evaluation procedure. This allows the evaluator to determine the subject's response to the intervention. There are a different number of dynamic evaluation procedures that have a wide variety of content areas.
One of the purposes of dynamic assessment is to determine if a student has the potential to learn a new skill.
Dynamic assessment allows an assessment of cognitive processes such as: strategies, habits, ways of thinking.
Dynamic assessment is an alternative assessment that attempts to measure a child's learning potential and is commonly used in combination with standardized tests.
A variety of dynamic evaluation approaches are used as alternative types of evaluation.
One type of dynamic assessment frequently used in the literature is testing - learning period - retesting. This method begins with the administration of a test, considered a pretext, which establishes the current performance of the child.
The purpose of formative dynamic assessment is to assess the learning potential, rather than a static level of development.