LOGIC, ARGUMENTATION AND COMMUNICATION - Practical guide for preparing for the Baccalaureate exam is a work that aims to support students who are preparing to take their maturity exam and want to obtain the best possible result in this subject.
The guide was created in accordance with the Exam Syllabus and the model developed by the Ministry of Education and Research, for the Baccalaureate session, 2026. The work includes a number of 11 syntheses with theoretical information, 160 grids structured by chapters and 15 Bac-type tests, accompanied by the solution and evaluation scales.
The syntheses and applications are the perfect tools that ensure the acquisition of theory and the practice of the notions required by the curriculum, in order to obtain the maximum score on the exam. They allow candidates to efficiently organize their time and learning effort, ensure thorough, intensive learning and the achievement of the expected results.
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MARIETA IORDAN
Graduate of the Faculty of History-Philosophy, Philosophy-History specialty at the University of Bucharest;
First-degree teacher in pre-university education, with 40 years of experience in teaching socio-human subjects;
Throughout her professional career, she was an ISMB methodologist, mentor professor and pedagogical practice guide for students at the Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences and the Academy of Economic Studies in Bucharest and a member of working groups within the National Center for Educational Evaluation Policies;
She participated in the development of topics for the Baccalaureate exam and Olympiads and was part of numerous evaluation committees for the papers from the Baccalaureate exam and specialty Olympiads.
She has also published at the University Publishing House: Guide for learning sociology in high school and preparing for the Baccalaureate exam, Gabriela Popescu, Marieta Iordan, Adrian-Gabriel Horvat, 2025; Psychology through syntheses and grids for the Baccalaureate exam and admission to higher education, Marieta Iordan, Florica Dumitrescu 2024.
I. THEORETICAL NOTIONS/5
• Introduction/5
• Terms /8
• Definition/12
• Classification and division /13
• Categorical propositions/15
• Logical relations between categorical propositions/17
• Reasoning /19
• Immediate deductive inferences with categorical propositions/20
• Deductive reasoning mediated with categorical propositions/22
• Syllogism/22
• Demonstration and refutation/25
• Inductive reasoning /27
• Argumentative errors/29
II. ITEMI CU ALEGERE MULTIPLĂ /35
• Structura și clasificarea termenilor/35
• Raporturi logice între termeni/39
• Definirea/42
• Clasificarea și diviziunea /45
• Propoziții categorice/48
• Raporturi logice între propoziții categorice/51
• Inferențe deductive imediate cu propoziții categorice/54
• Silogismul/57
• Demonstrația și combaterea/60
• Raționamente inductive /63
• Erori de argumentare/66
• Răspunsuri Itemi cu alegere multiplă/69
III. TESTS/70
• Test no. 1/70
• Test no. 2/74
• Test no. 3/78
• Test no. 4/82
• Test no. 5/86
• Test no. 6/90
• Test no. 7/94
• Test no. 8/98
• Test no. 9/102
• Test no. 10/106
• Test no. 11/110
• Test no. 12/114
• Test no. 13/118
• Test no. 14/122
• Test no. 15/126
IV. CORRECTION AND EVALUATION SCALE/130
• Test no. 1/130
• Test no. 2/133
• Test no. 3/136
• Test no. 4/139
• Test no. 5/142
• Test no. 6/145
• Test no. 7/148
• Test no. 8/151
• Test no. 9/154
• Test no. 10/157
• Test no. 11/160
• Test no. 12/163
• Test no. 13/166
• Test no. 14/169
• Test no. 15/172