Introduction/5
I. RESEARCH CONTEXT AND METHODOLOGY/11
1. Academic Writing: Constraints and Challenges/11
1.1 Academic Literacy: Definition and Specificities/11
1.2 Scientific Writing/20
1.3 Research Writing in Training/23
1.3.1 Students' Difficulties with "Research Writing in Training"/24
1.3.2 The Master's Thesis: Specificities and Typology/32
1.3.2.1 Literature Review/35
1.3.2.2 Writing a Master's Thesis According to Research Writing Guides Written in French/38
1.3.2.3 Writing a Master's Thesis According to Research Writing Guides Written in Romanian/43
1.4 Methodological Elements/47
1.5 Conclusions/55
II. CITATION: FROM THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK TO DATA ANALYSIS/56
2. Citation in Research Writing/56
2.1 Citation: A Form of Intertextuality/56
2.2 Citation: A Form of Reported Speech (Direct Speech)/60
2.3 Functions and Typologies of Citations/65
2.4 Bibliographic Standards in Reference Writing Guides/71
2.4.1 Types of Citation/72
2.4.2 Citation Methods/76
2.5 Conclusions/80
3. Classification and Analysis of Quotations Identified in the Corpus/81
3.1 Quantitative Overview of Quotations Identified in the Corpus/82
3.2 Classification of Quotations According to the Normative-Prescriptive Criterion/83
3.2.1 Quotations with Full Source Indication/85
3.2.2 Quotations with Incomplete Source Indication/87
3.2.3 Quotations Without Any Source Indication/89
3.2.4 Secondary Quotations/89
3.3 Classification of Quotations According to the Formal Criterion/94
3.3.1 Formal Insertion of Quotations/94
3.3.2 Quotations Introduced by Verbs of the Type "to Say"/96
3.3.3 Quotations Introduced by Verbs of the Type "to Write"/99
3.3.4 Juxtaposed Quotations/101
3.4 Classification of Quotations According to the Enunciative Criterion/103
3.4.1 "Positioned" Quotations/103
3.5 Classification of Quotations According to the Pragmatic Criterion/107
3.5.1 Quotations as an Argument of Authority/110
3.6 Decontextualized Quotations/112
3.7 Conclusions/114
III. REFORMULATION: FROM THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK TO DATA ANALYSIS/116
4. Reformulation – A Multiparametric Concept/116
4.1 Reformulation: A Synthesis of Existing Research/116
4.2 Definition and Specific Features/120
4.2.1 The Components of Reformulation/123
4.2.2 Reformulation: A Form of Reported Speech (Indirect Speech)/124
4.3 Classifications of Reformulation Operations/126
4.3.1 Paraphrastic Reformulation/127
4.3.1.1 Explanatory Reformulation/133
4.3.1.2 Imitative Reformulation/133
4.3.2 Non-Paraphrastic Reformulation/135
5. Reformulation Markers/137
5.1 Definition and Specific Features/137
5.2 Summary of existing work/141
5.3 Typologies of reformulation markers/149
5.4 Conclusions/153
6. Classification and Analysis of Reformulation Operations Identified in the Corpus/154
6.1 Literal Reformulations/158
6.2 Reformulations with Personal Contribution/161
6.3 Elementary Reformulations/166
6.3.1 Elementary Reformulations without MR/168
6.3.1.1 Reformulations Introduced by Phrases of the Type X Verb (that)/168
6.3.1.2 Reformulations Introduced by "according to X", "for Y", "pentru X", "conform Y"/169
6.3.1.3 Reformulations Without Special Markers/172
6.3.1.4 Reformulations Including Quotations/177
6.3.1.5 Secondary Reformulations/179
6.3.2 Elementary Reformulations with MR/183
6.3.2.1 Quantitative Overview of MRs Identified in the Corpus/184
6.3.2.2 Interpretive MRs/188
6.3.2.3 MRs Used to Better Articulate Reformulations/190
6.3.2.4 MRs Reproduced from the Source Statement/193
6.4 Conclusions/194
Remedial Approaches for Teaching and Learning Techniques for Reproducing Others' Speech/197
Conclusions/200
Bibliography/208
List of Tables and Figures/229