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Landslides in the Carpathians and Subcarpathians of Buzău. Geomorphological study

Landslides in the Carpathians and Subcarpathians of Buzău. Geomorphological study

Name: Landslides in the Carpathians and Subcarpathians of Buzău. Geomorphological study
Brand: Editura Universitară
SKU: 9786062819842
Price: 52.86 RON
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Publisher: Editura Universitară

Author: Mihai Micu

Edition: I

Pages: 238

Publisher year: 2025

ISBN: 978-606-28-1984-2

DOI: 10.5682/9786062819842

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The realization of a comprehensive work (even only from a geomorphological point of view) on the landslides at Curbură may seem like a risky undertaking. I use this word to quote Prof. Gheorghe Niculescu, who told me this upon hearing the topic of my PhD that I was advised to pursue by Prof. Dan Bălteanu (to whom I am grateful for opening my eyes in a direction that I had long feared). The complete formulation, said (and approved with characteristic elegance by Dr. Maria Sandu, the most demanding examiner on the committee) by His Excellency in 2001, was “Little one…this is a subject…at least…risky, to use this new term, which I see is increasingly popular”, and after a smile, which I did not know where to place between pity and admiration, he continued “…you can retire peacefully with this unresolved subject in your head…”. Anyone who had the honor of knowing the perfection to which Prof. Niculescu's field studies and the resulting graphics were brought can understand (better than I did, at that time as a master's student who brilliantly considered himself omnipotent and omniscient) the truth of those words. I also met him, almost 20 years later, when, ten years after defending my doctoral thesis, I saw that it was extremely difficult for me to pin down and synthesize a geomorphological image of the landslides in the Carpathians and Subcarpathians of Buzău. The fault lies in the complexity of these manifestations of nature, so intensely related to the interface between geomorphology, geology, climatology and hydrology, seismology and even social and economic geography. This image of the overwhelming complexity of the phenomenon is experienced by anyone who climbs the Buzău Valley from Vernești to Întorsura, and the landscape successively reveals to us apparently disparate facets of a whole that, as we climb, we glimpse more and more clearly in all its magnitude. I discovered them (and I haven't stopped doing so yet) with colleagues from the Institute of Geography and elsewhere (Nicu – my constant shadow and support, Thomas, Cees, Jean Philippe, Hans Balder, Anne Sophie, Romy, Philippe, Ducu, Rainer, Fredi, Florin and Natașa, Benni, Simone&Simone, Petru, Alessandro, Paola, Veronica, Marta, Laurențiu, Daniel, Michiel, Michel and Mike, Thom, Alexandre, Teodor and maybe even more). After the wide opening of the Buzău terraces, whose evolution in the context of neotectonic movements always made Prof. Lucian Badea exclaim, during the lectures at the Summer School in Pătârlagele, that they are like a book, we begin to feel how the car, bicycle or tractor that climbs us up the river begins to hit holes. There are the hidden landslides (as Prof. Niculescu called them, showing me how entire villages developed on the latent deluges) from Unguriu, Măgura and Ciuta, which we can hardly intuit even by comparing them with the huge tongue of faults, as Dr. Nicolae Muică called the Bădila landslide, which is revealed to us in all its immensity among the curves after the Fountain of Mihai Viteazu. And after the simplicity of the Cislău depression makes us forget about landslides for a few minutes, the ascent and descent of the alluvial cones made of Cândești gravels make us slow down, and thus we realize that we have entered a landslide paradise, if such a thing exists: the shallow and deep landslides of Zaharești and Tega, the flows of Măguricea and Cârnu, the wide amphitheaters with landslides of Blidiselu, Muscel and Viea, the giant cone of Burdușoaia, the mud that floods the road to Malu Alb almost annually, the perfectly contoured landslide of Șețu and its neighbor opposite, the perfect flow of Chirlești, the huge landslides and flows that close the basin of Păltineni, the immense landslide of Nehoiașu, whose description by Prof. The pose brings to mind the DSGSDs in the Alps or the deep landslide at Groapa Vântului, where it seems that the whole mountain has gone downhill, as a stunned tourist exclaimed when he stopped his car at the (amazed) sight of a group of 30 people who were almost blocking DN10 in the fall of 2008, unable to believe that such a terrible horror could be admired. And when you think it can't get any better than that, all you have to do is listen to Prof. Adrian Cioacă and go up Bâsca Rozilei, where you understand what Pseudokynegetikos means by looking at the landslide at Balta (What landslide? This is a mountain...as a local said in surprise, wondering why we are walking tens of kilograms of ERT coils up and down a landslide); up Dănuț Călin and cross Ivănețul at Varlaam, towards Plaiul Nucului and after you get tired of seeing the live fire at Terca, turn around and see on the other bank of Slănic a giant cone, which blocked the valley for more than 800 m; up Nicolae Muică and go down from Plavățu to Jghiab, looking at a 10 lei banknote that you received change from and from which Grigorescu's Bisoceanca smiles at you.
Beyond the previously romanticized image (Vlahuță was only the first to lead me there), the problem of landslides in the Carpathians and the Buzău Subcarpathians raises, and will certainly continue to raise for a long time to come, countless problems in understanding their morphogenetic and dynamic complexity, related to the pronounced predisposition of the relief to such processes or to the uncertainties of the process of estimating the probabilities of their future occurrence in space and time. The extremely close links that their geomorphological analysis has with more or less related sciences (climatology, hydrology, geology, seismology or geodynamics) open up an extremely wide range of evaluation possibilities. The increasingly consistent support received from geospatial imaging providers, as well as the extremely rapid development of technical field means and IT science, make operations that 20-30 years ago were perhaps considered on the verge of science fiction, increasingly easier.
All that remains is for the modern scientist to adapt a modus operandi in which difficulties become challenges. I have attempted this in this paper, and the first and perhaps greatest challenge was writing it itself. Almost 10 years after defending my doctoral thesis, I conceived the paper as a synthesis of what was detailed in the thesis, and, subsequently, in an attempt to encompass the much complex information available in a way that would allow the identification of a certain intermediate level, designed as a starting point for those who will want, in the future, to detail fundamental or applied aspects of landslides in this area. Such studies are needed. Our colleagues at ISU Buzău can confirm this, as they need solid scientific foundations for these processes that annually take an undeserved financial toll, in order to more accurately assess where to channel their energy during prevention, intervention or post-disaster recovery. They are reliable people, whose courage is only surpassed by devotion, and they showed me a lot of respect. Dir. Dorina Năstase, Col. Nicolae Dănuț, Col. Dan Manciulea, Col. Adrian Mondea.
I leave behind those to whom my whole soul goes, my wife and son, my parents and sister. Without you always by my side, I wouldn't have made it here! I can't thank you enough!

INTRODUCTION/7

CHAPTER I. LANDSLIDES AND MASS DISPLACEMENTS/11
1.1. Concept, terminology and definitions / 11
1.2. Classifications used in the study of mass displacements and landslides/14
1.2.1. Collapses /22
1.2.2. Topples /24
1.2.3. Slips /25
1.2.4. Flows /27
1.2.5. Lateral extension /29
1.2.6. Creep /30
1.3. Methods and technical means used in the study of landslides / 31
1.4. Current state of knowledge of mass displacements and landslides / 42
CHAPTER II. CARPATHIAN AND SUBCARPATHIAN EDGE MOUNTAINS: PASSIVE AND ACTIVE FACTORS IN THE GENESIS AND EVOLUTION OF LANDSLIDES/50
2.1. Predisposing factors /50
2.1.1. Paleogeographic and neotectonic evolution /50
2.1.2. Structure and petrography /51
2.1.3. Morphometry and configuration of the current relief /56
2.2. Preparatory factors /65
2.2.1. Climate variability and change /66
2.2.2. Changes in land use /66
2.2.3. Modification of the slope profile by excavation and overburden /70
2.2.4. Case study: deep landslide at Groapa Vântului /72
2.2.5. Case studies: Rătești and Bisoca landslides/78
2.3. Triggering factors /92
2.3.1. General climate characteristics /92
2.3.2. The role of diurnal thermal oscillations /96
2.3.3. Excessive extreme rainfall events /99
2.3.4. Estimating the thresholds for triggering shallow landslides /106
2.3.5. Estimating the thresholds for triggering deep landslides /116
2.3.6. The role of seismic movements in triggering landslides. Case studies: Balta landslide and Păltineni flow/129
CHAPTER III. LANDSLIDES IN THE CARPATHIAN AND SUBCARPATHIAN MOUNTAINS OF BUZĂUL /141
3.1. Subcarpathians versus Carpathians: the landslide system and its role in the bed-slope coupling /141
3.2. Active landslides /147
3.2.1. From landslides to flows. Case studies: Chirlești and Valea Viei flows /147
3.2.2. Superficial and deep landslides (compound and complex). Case studies: Saramura landslides, Mordana landslide, Groapa Vântului landslide /153
3.2.3. Areas with complex slope modeling (mass displacements and erosion). Case studies: Malu Alb and Zeletin Vârful Fetii perimeters /167
CHAPTER IV. LANDSLIDES IN THE CARPATHIAN AND SUBCARPATHIAN MOUNTAINS OF THE BUZĂULU: FROM SINGLE TO MULTI-HAZARD /171
4.1. Landslide inventory /171
4.2. Susceptibility assessment /178
4.3. Hazard analysis; the multi-hazard concept /195
4.3.1. Hazard assessment at the process level: the Chirlești flow /197
4.3.2. Hazard assessment at the regional level: the Muscel basin /202
4.3.3. The multi-hazard concept: the Viforâta (Bâsca Mare) landslide /204
4.4. Conclusions: perspectives, challenges and uncertainties in risk management /209

BIBLIOGRAPHY / 217

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