Ancient Greek. Syntax Cases. New Theorizing

MARIA-LUIZA DUMITRU-OANCEA

RESEARCH DIRECTIONS: Mythology, Cultural Anthropology, Didactics

UNIVERSITY STUDIES
Doctor in Philology, University of Bucharest, with the work Archetype of Death and of the Anthropophagous Monster in Latin Literature. Mythical-Folkloric parallels. Thesis supervisor: professor Dr. Eugen Cizek, 2004.
Master in Classical Philology, University of Bucharest, Faculty of Foreign Languages ​​and Literatures with the work Wolf Cult, Skull Cult and Anthropophagy: Primitive Symbolism and Mythical and Folkloric Transformations. The leader of the paper: associate professor Dr. Gabriela Cretia, 1996.
Degree in Classical Philology, University of Bucharest, Faculty of Foreign Languages ​​and Literatures. Archaic Religious Structures in Greek and Latin Literature and in Romanian Folklore. The leader of the paper: associate professor Dr. Gabriela Cretia. 1998-1995.

TEACHING ACTIVITY
niversity lecturer PhD, University of Bucharest, Faculty of Foreign Languages ​​and Literatures (2005- present)
COURSES: Syntax of Ancient Greek Language, Civilization Course, Synchrony and Diacrony, Descriptive Morphology of Ancient Greek Language, Methodology.
PRACTICAL COURSES: Homer (Odysseia), Apollonios of Rhodes (Argonautika), Apollodoros (Bibliotheke), Vergilius (Aeneis), Plutarch (Vitae parallelae - Alexandros), Greco-Roman mythography (Homer, Hesiod, Apollodoros, Apollonius, Ovid) .).
SEMINARS: Greek Descriptive Morphology, Greek Syntax, Old Language (Greek and Latin), Old Source Language (Greek), Latin and Greek Methodology, Pedagogical Practice.

Assistant Professor, University of Bucharest, Faculty of Foreign Languages ​​and Literatures. (2000-2005)
COURSES: Descriptive Morphology of the Ancient Greek Language, Latin and Ancient Greek Paleography.
PRACTICAL COURSES: Greco-Roman mythology (first year master), Plutarch (Vitae parallalelae - Alexandros; De Iside Osiride), Plato (Protagoras).
SEMINARS: Descriptive Morphology of the Ancient Greek Language, Syntax of the sentence of the ancient Greek language, Greek-Latin Methodology, Old Profile Language - Faculty of Letters and Faculty of Foreign Languages ​​and Literatures, Romance Languages ​​- (Ancient Greek Language and Latin Language), Ancient Language of spring - history faculty - (Ancient Greek Language).
 

Teaching practice
Full Professor, ORTHODOX HIGH SCHOOL THEOLOGICAL SEMINAR, Bucharest (1995-2000)

TEACHING COURSES: Greek and Latin

TEACHING FUNCTIONS
Member of the Commission to be finalized (2010-2012).
Member of the Admission Commission for the bachelor's degree (2010-2011).
Member of the Bachelor's Dissertation Support Committee (2010-2012). Member of the Licensing Examination Board (2010-2012).
Member of the Commission for taking the second degree exams - thesis correction - (2012).
Member of the Enrollment Commission for the master's degree organized by the Faculty of Foreign Languages ​​and Literatures in Bucharest (2011-2012).
Member of the Promotion Commissions for the preparatory degree (Simona Georgescu) and for the lecturer degree (Theodor Georgescu, Tudor Dinu, Cezar Tabarcea, Simona Nicolae), Faculty of Foreign Languages ​​and Literatures, University of Bucharest (2007-2008).
Dean of the Year, Faculty of Foreign Languages ​​and Literatures, University of Bucharest (2005-present).
Member of the Bachelor's Committee (2010-2011), Faculty of Foreign Languages ​​and Literatures, University of Bucharest (subject, proofreading, coordination of bachelor's theses, supervision of candidates).
Member of the Definitive Commission (2010-2011), Faculty of Foreign Languages ​​and Literatures, University of Bucharest (subject, proofreading, supervision of candidates).
Member of the Central Commission for Admission and Pre-Admission to the Faculty of Foreign Languages ​​and Literatures and to the Faculty of Letters, University of Bucharest (2000, 2004-2006, 2011: receipt of registration files, supervision of candidates, proofreading).
Member of the National Commission for Curriculum, Working Group for Ancient Greek. MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND RESEARCH (2000, 2001, 2004-2006).
Member of the National Commission for the elaboration of analytical programs for the preparation of didactic degrees Definitivat, Degree II and Degree I, MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND RESEARCH. Poiana Pinului, 2001.
Member of the Organizing Committee of the Classical Languages ​​Olympiad, National Phase, MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND RESEARCH (2002).
Preparatory professor of the Romanian Olympic Team participating in the International Phase of the Classical Languages ​​Olympiad (Certamen Ciceronianum Arpinas), UNIVERSITY OF BUCHAREST, MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND RESEARCH. BuSteni (2000).
Member of the Organizing Commission of the Classical Languages ​​Olympiad, County Phase, SCHOOL INSPECTORATE OF BUCHAREST (1995-2001).
Methodist Professor for Ancient Greek Language, SCHOOL INSPECTORATE OF BUCHAREST (1999).

ORGANIZATION OF CONGRESSES AND CONFERENCES
Member of the Organizing Committee of the International Colloquium Expressions of Fear from Antiquity to the Contemporary World, Bucharest, March 29-30, 2013, organized under the patronage of the Society of Classical Studies in Romania and the Institute of Classical Studies of the University of Bucharest.
Member of the organizing committee of the International Classical Romanian-Dacian Conference, Bucharest - Constanta, September 25-29, 2008, chaired by Prof. Dr. Eugen Cizek and Prof. Dr. Gabriela Cretia and organized under the auspices of the Society for Classical Studies in Romania.
Member of the organizing committee of the International Euroclassical Session, Bucharest, September 2008, chaired by Prof. Dr. Eugen Cizek and Prof. Dr. Gabriela Cretia and organized under the auspices of the Romanian Society for Classical Studies.
Member of the Organizing Committee of the Locus International Colloquium in Fable Places, Names, Myths, Bucharest, September 27-28, 2010, organized under the patronage of the Society for Classical Studies in Romania and the Institute of Classical Studies of the University of Bucharest.

ATTRACTING AND DISSEMINATING STUDENTS
Bachelor thesis supervisor (2010-2012)
Student counseling.
Writing recommendations for deserving students in order to obtain international scholarships (Portugal, University of Coimbra, 2011, bachelor module, Stoian Isabela student; France, University of Lyon, 2010, doctoral module, Dr. Andreea Stefan, etc.).

ADMINISTRATIVE ACTIVITIES AND FUNCTIONS
Vice-President, SOCIETATEA HUMANITAS CHRISTIANA, Bucharest, (2000-present).
Treasurer, ROMANIAN SOCIETY OF CLASSICAL STUDIES (2002-present).
Treasurer, Department of Classical Philology, UNIVERSITY OF BUCHAREST (2000-present).
Secretary of the Office of the Department of Classical Philology, UNIVERSITY OF BUCHAREST (2004-present).
Representative of the Department of Classical Philology at the Education Fair, University of Bucharest (2006-2007, 2008, 2010-2012).
Representative of the Department of Classical Philology at Open Doors, University of Bucharest (2006-2007, 2008, 2010-2012).

AWARDS AND DISTINCTIONS
ARISTARH Prize of the ROMANIAN SOCIETY OF CLASSICAL STUDIES for the Memory of Deep Studies Wolf Cult, Skull Cult and Anthropophagy: Primitive Symbolism and Mythical and Folkloric Transformations, 1996.

SCIENTIFIC AFFILIATES
Member of UNIVERSITY SOLIDARITY, UNIVERSITY OF BUCHAREST (2002-present).
Member of the ROMANIAN SOCIETY OF CLASSICAL STUDIES (1996-present).

FOREIGN LANGUAGES
French and English.

PRESENTATIONS AT CONFERENCES AND MEETINGS
▪ “Mocking Epic and Tragic Patterns in Apollonius of Rhodes’ Argonautica ”, 5th Annual International Conference on Literature, Languages ​​and Linguistics, Athens, Greece, July 9-12, 2012, Athens Institute for Education and Research.
▪ "Suspension Rhetoric in the Argonauts of Apollonius of Rhodes", International Colloquium Reception of Greco-Latin Antiquity in European Cultures. Under the sign of Hermes. 5th Edition, May 11-12, 2012, University of Craiova, Faculty of Letters, Romanian Society of Classical Studies - Craiova Branch.
▪ "The ironization of epic and tragic patterns in the Argonauts of Apollonius of Rhodes", Lupus Colloquium in the fable. Places, names, myths, Bucharest, September 27-28, 2010, organized under the patronage of the Romanian Society of Classical Studies and the Institute of Classical Studies of the University of Bucharest.
▪ "Antiospetia in Homeric Odyssey", meeting of the ROMANIAN SOCIETY OF CLASSICAL STUDIES, Bucharest, December, 2009.
▪ "Techniques for mystifying the Sacred in the mythological literature of ancient Greece", International Colloquium LATINITY - ROMANITY - ROMANITY, 7th Edition, Section "Cultural Dialogue in Europe", Targoviste, session 9-11 May 2008.
▪ Methodology course: Macro-design of a project that characterizes the end of a learning unit; Trans perspective design: building the integrated option; Theme proposals for the Integrated Optional: From the world gathered; Greek and Latin writers in whose works references to our country are attested; The woman in Latin literature, presented within the CCD grant on Latin Language Methodology, October 2007-January 2008 session.
▪ "Phileo and Agapao: man's love and God's love in the Romanian versions of the Bible", International Colloquium RECEPTION OF GREEK-LATIN ANTIQUITY IN EUROPEAN CULTURES, CULTURE, HISTORY AND CIVILIZATION section, November 23, 2007, Faculty of Letters, Department of Lingv Classical Languages ​​- Romanian Society of Classical Studies, Craiova Branch
▪ "The laws of hospitality in the Greco-Roman world", International Colloquium LATINITY - ROMANITY - ROMANITY, 6th edition, Targoviste, May 11-13, 2007, "Wallachia" University.
▪ “The myth of Polyphemus. The game of manipulation and mutual ignorance ”, International Symposium EUROPEAN CIVILIZATION - UNITY, UNITY, OPENING - II, OCTOBER 3 - 8, 2006, Romanian Writers' Union," Mircea Dinescu "Poetry Foundation, East - West Cultural Foundation.
▪ “Thanatos, male representation of death in archaic Greece”, International Symposium: Ethnic contacts and Cultural Exchanges North and West of the Black Sea, June 12 - 17, 2005, Ancient History and Archeology section, Romanian Academy - Iasi Branch, Institute of Archeology, Institute of History "AD Xenopol".
▪ „Ancient mythological patterns and modern representations. Ielele in Romanian literary folklore ”, section Mentalities - Comparative Mythology., International Colloquium LATINITY - ROMANITY - ROMANITY, 4th edition, Targoviste, May 6 - 8, 2005," Valahia "University.
▪ “Founding Sacrifice in Archaic Rome”, meeting of the ROMANIAN SOCIETY OF CLASSICAL STUDIES, Bucharest, March, 2004.
▪ “Speculations on the mystical connection between Numa Pompilius and the Camenae Nymphs”, Timpul, Timpurile Colloquium, of the Faculty of Foreign Languages ​​and Literatures, UNIVERSITY OF BUCHAREST, 2000.
▪ “Archaic Religious Structures in the Fantastic Fairy Tale The Story of Harap-Alb”, Literature Circle of the Department of Classical Philology, UNIVERSITY OF BUCHAREST, 1997.

GRANTS
1. Member of the research project PN-II-ID-PCE-2007-1, exploratory research project funded by CNCS, entitled: EUROPEAN MYTHICAL TOPONYMY. GLOSSARY AND INTERACTIVE DATABASE FOR THE STUDY OF TOPONYMS WITH MYTHOLOGICAL RELEVANCE FROM THE GREEK-LATIN SPACE, director: prof. Univ. Dr. Florica Bechet (2007-2011).
2. Member within the academic project of Translation of the works of the Holy Fathers, initiated and financed by the Romanian Patriarchate, with the work Saint Jerome - "Letters" (2010-2011).
3. Member within the grant initiated by CCD regarding the Latin Language Methodology, session October 2007- January 2008.

Introduction / 7

List of abbreviations / 11

Syntax of cases / 15

Vocabulary syntax / 21

Syntax of the nominative / 29

The syntax of the accusative / 52

Syntax of the genitive / 103

Syntax of the dative / 234

Competition of cases / 289

Syntax of prepositions (brief) / 298

Annex - Greek texts (accompanied by a model of syntactic analysis) / 306

Selective bibliography / 314

Ancient Greek. Case syntax. A new theorizing fundamentally rethinks the syntactic functions of the cases and resists the informative material contained in the specialized literature, not infrequently contradictory, bushy, incomplete, even, I would say, lacking scientific rigor in some places.
Our treatise on the syntax of ancient Greek cases does not offer an exhaustive approach, by resuming some notions that currently do not support major amendments (eg pronouns, number, gender, appearance, mode, tense, diathesis, etc.), but rather puts the disposition of specialists and, of course, of students, a new theorizing of the syntax of cases that need a long time to put the problem back (eg reinterpretation, renaming, reclassification, deepening the explanations or even amending the old ones).
We intended to explain the facts of language not only in a strictly syntactic, but also semantic relationship, better understanding the perspective from which a certain reality is viewed and, therefore, the reason why one or more cases compete on the same syntactic function. Deepening our analysis, we came to the conclusion that the verbal aspect is completed by its predicative fulfillments (complementary and circumstantial) that contribute to the finalization of the semantic perspective.
We opted, in our theoretical approach, for a functional interpretation of the syntax, starting from the definition of morphological values ​​(cases) to the specification of syntactic functions, and not vice versa, not escaping the view that between value and function there is a constant and biunivocal correlation. For the old IE languages, the morphological level on which the higher level of syntactic functions is grafted is what matters. That is why generativism cannot be applied to old languages ​​with a developed inflectional system, for which the topic is random, arbitrary and does not impinge on the message at all.
Our option was to describe Greek as the IE language caught at the boundary between the old and the middle IE stage.
Not intending to realize here the history of Greek grammars written in the last centuries, we just want to emphasize here our own situation in the continuation of the approach started by Humbert (continued closely by Stef) and the one proposed by Adrados in its functional syntax, from the first taking the explanation the history of the composition and evolution of the Greek language, and from the second, the functional approach.
We based our linguistic analysis on a generous number of examples, some taken from specialized treatises (Adrados, Humbert, Smyth, Riemann - Cucuel, Stef), but many of them were selected from the texts of the authors we studied. together with the students at the seminar and practical classes (Homer, Herodotus, Xenophon, Thucydides, NT, VT), or they are the fruit of our search over time. The examples were given with precise references, apart from the idiomatic expressions that appear in many texts. We considered welcome the extension of their palette sometimes up to the second century (Galen, etc.), and the complete translation of the passages belongs to us.
At the same time, we took into account, in the proposed analysis, the mentalities of the Greek society without which no linguistic-pragmatic analysis can be considered coherent.
Also, we considered it necessary to present a functional scheme at the end of each chapter dedicated to a grammatical case to facilitate the understanding of the functional derivation of each syntactic function specific to a case, as well as their derivation levels (primary, secondary, tertiary, etc.).
We have also compiled an extremely necessary chapter on Competition of Cases, which has not hitherto existed in the known Greek syntax treatises.
Our treatise also focused on the problem of the broad syntax of prepositions, which it sought to systematize functionally and, of course, to amend and thus largely clarify, bringing in addition to previous research an approach. of them from the aspectual perspective. Our classification therefore proposes a rethinking of the prepositional system on three levels: 1. the aspectual level (aspectual prepositions); 2. the circumstantial level (prepositions-regime of some circumstantials) and 3. the level of complement (prepositions-regime of some complements). In their presentation we opted for highlighting the syntactic functions they generate in combination with certain cases, and not for the system that had in mind their classification according to the number of cases with which they are built.
We have often used in our approach the interpretations of Professor Dan Slusanschi provided in the well-known Syntax of the Latin language (1994, vol. I), as Greek and Latin have many similarities in the syntactic system, but not infrequently we were critical of this, sometimes adding additional explanations or even innovating, but also taking some positions that we found relevant.
This first treatise on the syntax of ancient Greek cases will necessarily be followed closely by a second treatise on the syntax of the phrase of the ancient Greek language, entitled Ancient Greek. Subordination. A rethinking of theoretical foundations. Some of the syntax issues that will be addressed in the second treatise are already open in the present study.
But, in order for this volume to see the light of day, our thoughts of gratitude and gratitude are directed especially to our colleagues who encouraged us this initiative (Prof. Dr. Ana-Cristina Halichias, Prof. Dr. Mariana Baluta-Skultéty, associate professor Florentina Nicolae, PhD, Alexander Baumgarten, associate professor, etc.), but also to students and collaborators (Remus Iosifescu, Cosmin Constantin, etc.) who, not infrequently, they provided extremely valuable technical support.