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Editura Universitara Professional training and career public administration staff

33,71 Lei

ISBN: 978-973-749-521-1

Publisher year: 2009

Edition: 1

Pages: 329

Publisher: Editura Universitara

Author: Ana-Maria Bercu

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"Culture is important. Context matters. Environment influences. (...) Is comforting to know that people are, at least in part, why organizations change. "Nicolas Henry Public Administration presents a variety of concepts and theories designed to define and explain. The dynamics of social life and cause a change modeling of all structures, institutions, bodies up and make the public administration to function. The time now demonstrate that theory and practice of public administration are in a perpetual and radical change under the influence of contextual factors very different: historical factors, political, geographical, cultural, economic. Understanding all the mechanisms of its advertising meanings attributed above all knowledge. The term "administration" comes from the Latin word "administer", word composed of the prefix "ad" that shows the direction, meaning and the noun "ministry" which means servant, help, agent. The verb "administro" means to give a helping hand, to lead or manage. Romanian language dictionary explains the verb "manage" the drive, the rudder, and the phrase "public administration" - all existing administrative authorities in a state department or office, dealing with administrative problems of an institution or entity. The "Dictionary of American Government and Politics", published in The Dorsey Press, Chicago, in 1988, under the direction of Professor Jay M. Shafritz of the University of Pittsburgh, the term public administration more explanations are given them. Thus, public administration is executive function in government, enforcement, public policy implementation, organization and management of people and other resources to achieve government objectives, art and science applied to public sector management. You can find many explanations given to the term that do nothing but to show its complexity. The difficulty of defining period in equally find all those frames for expression of public administration so that it can be understood. For reasons we retain the theme chosen for research defining "public administration" as representing a specific human activity which formulates and implements public policy by administrative staff trained to carry out work of a certain complexity in a specific institutional framework. It is important for our scientific approach to prove that the work in public administration is accomplished by certain trained people who have gained prestige due time they meet basic mission, to serve the interests of citizens of a state. In this context, public administration staff (contract staff and civil servants) is responsible for the effects of decisions and their implementation. It is important to refer and the people elected or appointed to public administration in political criteria. Officials are elected by the people or appointed citizens (political criteria) and whose status is governed by different laws and occupying public dignity functions (representation) in the public administration. Appropriate ministers, secretaries of state, local elected officials - mayors, deputy mayors, local councilors, county councilors, presidents and vice presidents of county councils. They are representatives of citizens at the state or local governments, which, based on a political program submitted to the voters, won the elections. Their status is governed by different laws. Considered extremely important differentiation to be made between categories of staff in public administration, because each of them performs specific functions of public administration. Contract staff is subject to a legal regime of labor law, but in making their job duties must know and respect the principles underlying public administration. Civil servants are individuals invested with the prerogatives of public power in order to accomplish tasks and responsibilities, subject to a special status, which regulates the conditions of access, appointment, promotion and advancement office. In this context, the civil service are all duties and responsibilities established by law in order to achieve the prerogatives of public power by the central public administration, local government and by their subordinate authorities. Theoretical and practical professional training of personnel in public administration becomes more important the more specialized and complex nature of administrative work to be understood, considering the major transformations through which the public administration as a direct effect on environmental changes taking place. How public administration staff sees itself and its activities in a democracy are topics of reflection for researchers and field event for bureaucratic power (represented by civil servants who, by virtue of legal regulations and the powers conferred by law, owning a share of state power). Administrative effectiveness is determined largely by professional civil service, one of the stated objectives of administrative reform process in our country. Professional training of civil servants is reflected in the quality of public services. No public office can be occupied only by a public servant prepared to carry out work of a certain complexity. Perfect educational background in educational institutions in the work process is completed by the active participation of civil servants in training and improving it. Often Roman administrative system and have been criticized on the quality benefits of civil servants, regardless of job position or a leadership / management or an execution. This is because, in the Romanian public administration mentality that still remains in favor of exclusive quality of quantity. In this respect, were considered structural and organizational changes to support the professional civil service through access to public office on grounds of jurisdiction so that the administrative act to be an effective one. Consistent and career management of civil servants by wage appropriate stimulation and ensure normal working conditions, in order to respect the principles of stability and continuity in work, have become landmarks in the work of public administration, which sought to build a number of institutions to coordinate, support and monitor the achievement of these goals. The state administration no public office that does not require any training and / or management. Professional competence in management and the public are absolutely necessary to achieve efficiency in the administrative system through proper forecasting future developments, work organization, management, employee motivation and control of the development process. "The administrative system is not so much financial and material resources at its disposal, and especially in human potential." Given that, largely, making policy decisions, general economic and social progress depends on the functionality of the administrative system (designed as a set of structures, institutions and regulations), is explained to be given special attention training of public administration staff and tracking individual and organizational career. Beginning of 2007 meant for Romania realization efforts to integrate into the European Union. Not easy, difficult, with ups and downs, the process of European integration has been the subject of debate for the entire Romanian society. State and its authorities have undergone a long process of transformation and change to meet new socio-political context has been foreshadowed since 1952. An important role of the executive went to the Romanian state, the government has established policies and strategies to meet the demands of the Union. In this context, public administration shall constitute the fundamental structure through which to carry out their missions and objectives of state power. The current European context required for effective strategic decision making, streamlining and improving work performance in public administration. Public administration reform in Romania involves a review of its internal structures, but especially the human resources involved in this activity. Structural and functional changes find their practical purpose only if they are correlated with the diversity of the human factor, in order to improve and its professionalisation. Specialization and professionalization of administrative reform are strategic objectives of our country. Creating a body of civil servants to demystify the traditional image of public administration, simple execution of political decisions and turn it into a new administration, that underlies public policy has become an imperative. Studying public administration was the subject of reflection and analysis and also for academics, practitioners of the field. Found at the intersection of major sectors, public administration involves the study of administrative phenomena in many fields: legal, political, economic, sociological, which outlined the administrative doctrines. In France appeared earlier writings on public administration in the eighteenth century, the scientific basis for release of Charles-Jean Bonnin who considered it an exact science. Vivien and Macarel wrote the first works of science and administrative doctrine, as interpreted from the perspective of public administration law. In Germany the nineteenth century Lorenz von Stein stands by his theory of government, public administration being in his opinion a subject for political science. The administration believes "pandects political science." Late nineteenth and early twentieth century corresponds to a revolution in thinking and administrative doctrine by German sociologist Max Weber work that is assigned to make the first coherent theory about the bureaucracy. In his conception of bureaucracy is a company focused in six major precepts: - Are there clearly defined and juridictie static and they are determined by laws or administrative rules - the organization and distribution activities are based on division of labor, - the authority issuing the command tasks in an organization is not arbitrary, but stable and pre - civil organization is based on hierarchy, each officer is under the control of a senior officer - staff are selected based on professional qualifications and professional training based on proven; - work is a career official or individual capacity consuming vocation work for a long time. In the United States of America, Frederick W. Taylor scientifically founded administrative management. In 1911, Taylor published The Principles of Scientific Management. In his opinion for any activity there is a best working method, which can be found through job analysis and time and motion studies. Also, the founder of scientific management principles formulated administrative work motivation. Another account representative of the administrative doctrine, throughout Europe, was Henry Fayol to identify government functions: planning, forecasting, organization, coordination and control, plus the administrative function. A continuation of Fayol's theory was made by Luther Gulick and Lyndall Urwic. In their book documents the science administration functions defined seven united under the acronym actually means POSDCORB which an organization functions: planning, organization, management, coordination, reporting, control, budget. Years 20, 30 of the last century were marked by human relations movement and criticize bureaucracy. Proponents of this movement supported by human resource orientation within the organization, identifying the needs of employees and their correlation with organizational objectives. The studies identified in this context of Elton Mayo. Michele Croizier, Herbert A. Simon Parsons and sociology organizations are theorists. Their work expresses one of the core ideas of organizational issues, which is to make the effort to define the concepts and framework of analysis, allowing comparison and understanding of all forms of organized cooperation in social groups. Motivations theory was developed by American psychologist Abraham Maslow's needs hierarchy has a classic called "pyramid of needs Maslow's". Motivational theories are the result of efforts of great scientists of the field. Clayton Alderfer, Henry Mintzberg, Victor Vroom, Stacy Adams are just some of the motivational theories that developed content. Interpretations, opinions, studies on public administration and administrative system were made by authors in our country. The works of Professor John Alexander offers a complete picture of how the interpretation of public administration, in terms of theories developed but also with aspects of practice. Sign up in the same direction and work of Mrs. Mihaela Onofrei teachers, public administration. Theoretical and compare best practices and administrative systems that provide a solid foundation for public administration research. Public management is another step in defining and explaining public administration. Defined as "a key thought in their own hands" public management "approaches is to integrate management, policy and legal in the fulfillment of the mandate of the legislative authority, executive and judicial, that is, providing services to society as a whole or for major segments its "(David Rosenbloom, 1986). Ott, and Shafritz Hyde believed that public management is a branch of public administration consisting of art and science of applying methods and techniques in public administration in order to substantiate programs, organize and coordinate the processes of restructuring, management of budgetary resources allocated to integrated human resources, evaluation and audit of public institutions. An answer to this view came from Owen Hughes who can not appreciate that equate public administration and public management, the latter taking into account all factors environmental influences, namely economic, political, cultural, legislative influence work in public institutions. Armenia News Androniceanu work in public management in a radiograph made public the particulars of human resources management, emphasizing the issue of professional training, motivation and performance evaluation of civil servants. Enroll in the same direction and work titled Public Management Lucica teacher Mrs. Matthew. Works management and human resource management provides the knowledge necessary for interpreting the human factor in the organization. Reference works in the field, both from foreign literature (Michael Armstrong, Gary Johns, GA Cole, Herbert A. Simon), and Romanian literature (up Nica, Costache Rusu, Aurel Manolescu, Ana-Viorica Chisu, Horia Pitariu, Robert Mathis) facilitates the formation of knowledge and modern management concepts. Professional training and career personnel is an issue treated by the majority of human resource management works because it is the fundamental process of achieving a professional activity and development of the individual in relation to work. GA Cole considered a direct result of professional training and professional development training process. The author makes a distinction between the notional concepts of education, which in his opinion is any long-term learning activities, aimed at training people to perform different roles in society, which involves training activity specific knowledge and skills acquired by exercise of a profession and improving the learning activity directed towards the immediate and future needs than dealing with more than career progression than current performance. In this context, the work of Professor Anton Rotaru and Ms. Adriana Prodan teachers, human resource management, is an important source of understanding the concept. According to the authors mentioned, "effective training to help employees make better face of organizational difficulties, social and technological change." It requires even more understanding of the processes of professional training in public administration with modifications as in this area are numerous and continuous dynamics due to administrative reform in our country. In the literature there is work to treat independent global professional training and career issues of public administration staff. Existing studies performed separately addresses the two directions: training of young people who want to pursue a career in public administration and professional development (continuing education) to officials performing public administration. There are concerns for professional civil service and is the fundamental objective of administrative reform strategies. Career in public office is a process, at first, formal, subject to the rules established by law, you go through the civil servant. But management approach complements formalist perspective in terms of understanding human nature with profound implications for public organizations. Issues such as organizational and individual career planning, career stages, career development are all issues that must be followed in analyzing career in public office. Systems practiced in public administration careers of some states are able to complete and explain the features and peculiarities which characterize them and to make a career in the public pride in belonging to a certain socio-professional categories whose mission is noble : meeting the interests of citizens, regardless of place and time, only with professionalism and impartiality.

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Ana-Maria Bercu

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